scholarly journals Virtual memory T cells develop and mediate bystander protective immunity in an IL-15-dependent manner

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason T. White ◽  
Eric W. Cross ◽  
Matthew A. Burchill ◽  
Thomas Danhorn ◽  
Martin D. McCarter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Virtual Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner

scholarly journals TGF-[beta]-dependent Lymphoid Tissue Residency of Stem-like T cells Limits the Response to Tumor Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Li ◽  
Liwen Wang ◽  
Chaoyu Ma ◽  
Wei Liao ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Tumor Vaccine ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
Resident Memory T Cells

Stem-like CD8+ T cells represent the key subset responding to multiple tumor immunotherapies, including tumor vaccination. However, the signals that control the differentiation of stem-like T cells are not entirely known. Most previous investigations on stem-like T cells are focused on tumor infiltrating T cells (TIL). The behavior of stem-like T cells in other tissues remains to be elucidated. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are often defined as a non-circulating T cell population residing in non-lymphoid tissues. TILs carrying TRM features are associated with better tumor control. Here, we found that stem-like CD8+ T cells differentiated into TRMs in a TGF-β and tumor antigen dependent manner almost exclusively in tumor draining lymph node (TDLN). TDLN-resident stem-like T cells were negatively associated with the response to tumor vaccine. In other words, after tumor vaccine, TDLN stem-like T cells transiently lost TRM features, differentiated into migratory effectors and exerted tumor control.

scholarly journals Regulatory T cells limit unconventional memory to preserve the capacity to mount protective CD8 memory responses to pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 9969-9978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia S. Da Costa ◽  
Jessica B. Graham ◽  
Jessica L. Swarts ◽  
Jennifer M. Lund
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cell ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Virtual Memory ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Cognate Antigen

Immunological memory exists so that following infection an expanded population of pathogen-specific lymphocytes can rapidly and efficiently control infection in the case of reexposure. However, in the case of CD8+ T lymphocytes, a population of unconventional CD44+CD122+ virtual memory T cells (TVM) has been described that possesses many, though not all, features of “true memory” T cells, without the requirement of first encountering cognate antigen. Here, we demonstrate a role for regulatory T cell-mediated restraint of TVM at least in part through limiting IL-15 trans-presentation by CD11b+ dendritic cells. Further, we show that keeping TVM in check ensures development of functional, antigen-specific “true” memory phenotype CD8+ T cells that can assist in pathogen control upon reexposure.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccination Provides Long-Term Protective Immunity Characterized by Multifunctional CD4 Memory T Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 8047-8055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lindenstrøm ◽  
Else Marie Agger ◽  
Karen S. Korsholm ◽  
Patricia A. Darrah ◽  
Claus Aagaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Memory T Cells

scholarly journals CXCR6 regulates localization of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells to the airways

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (12) ◽  
pp. 2748-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Wein ◽  
Sean R. McMaster ◽  
Shiki Takamura ◽  
Paul R. Dunbar ◽  
Emily K. Cartwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
First Line ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Resident Memory T Cells

Resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are an important first-line defense against respiratory pathogens, but the unique contributions of lung TRM cell populations to protective immunity and the factors that govern their localization to different compartments of the lung are not well understood. Here, we show that airway and interstitial TRM cells have distinct effector functions and that CXCR6 controls the partitioning of TRM cells within the lung by recruiting CD8 TRM cells to the airways. The absence of CXCR6 significantly decreases airway CD8 TRM cells due to altered trafficking of CXCR6−/− cells within the lung, and not decreased survival in the airways. CXCL16, the ligand for CXCR6, is localized primarily at the respiratory epithelium, and mice lacking CXCL16 also had decreased CD8 TRM cells in the airways. Finally, blocking CXCL16 inhibited the steady-state maintenance of airway TRM cells. Thus, the CXCR6/CXCL16 signaling axis controls the localization of TRM cells to different compartments of the lung and maintains airway TRM cells.

Forget ‘ME’ not virtual memory T cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Daniels ◽  
Emma Teixeiro
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Virtual Memory

scholarly journals Beyond memory T cells: mechanisms of protective immunity to tuberculosis infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Steigler ◽  
Ayesha J Verrall ◽  
Joanna R Kirman
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection

scholarly journals Skin-resident memory CD4+ T cells enhance protection against Leishmania major infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson D. Glennie ◽  
Venkata A. Yeramilli ◽  
Daniel P. Beiting ◽  
Susan W. Volk ◽  
Casey T. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Circulating T Cells ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

Leishmaniasis causes a significant disease burden worldwide. Although Leishmania-infected patients become refractory to reinfection after disease resolution, effective immune protection has not yet been achieved by human vaccines. Although circulating Leishmania-specific T cells are known to play a critical role in immunity, the role of memory T cells present in peripheral tissues has not been explored. Here, we identify a population of skin-resident Leishmania-specific memory CD4+ T cells. These cells produce IFN-γ and remain resident in the skin when transplanted by skin graft onto naive mice. They function to recruit circulating T cells to the skin in a CXCR3-dependent manner, resulting in better control of the parasites. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that CD4+ TRM cells form in response to a parasitic infection, and indicate that optimal protective immunity to Leishmania, and thus the success of a vaccine, may depend on generating both circulating and skin-resident memory T cells.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic activities of CD8+ T cells collaborate with macrophages to protect against blood-stage murine malaria

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Imai ◽  
Hidekazu Ishida ◽  
Kazutomo Suzue ◽  
Tomoyo Taniguchi ◽  
Hiroko Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Stage Malaria

The protective immunity afforded by CD8+ T cells against blood-stage malaria remains controversial because no MHC class I molecules are displayed on parasite-infected human erythrocytes. We recently reported that rodent malaria parasites infect erythroblasts that express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens, which are recognized by CD8+ T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells contributes to the protection of mice against blood-stage malaria in a Fas ligand (FasL)-dependent manner. Erythroblasts infected with malarial parasites express the death receptor Fas. CD8+ T cells induce the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the infected erythroblasts in a cell-to-cell contact-dependent manner. PS enhances the engulfment of the infected erythroid cells by phagocytes. As a PS receptor, T-cell immunoglobulin-domain and mucin-domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim-4) contributes to the phagocytosis of malaria-parasite-infected cells. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective immunity exerted by CD8+ T cells in collaboration with phagocytes.

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