Effort but not Reward Sensitivity is Altered by Acute Sickness Induced by Experimental Endotoxemia in Humans

AbstractA substantial proportion of youth with anxiety disorders shows comorbid behavioral (anger) problems. Such comorbid profile is associated with low treatment effectiveness and negative (longterm) outcomes. This study was therefore designed to examine trait factors that may promote anger responding in adolescents. By presenting participants (N = 158, mean age = 15.7, 56% female) with a series of common anger-eliciting situations, we tested whether high reward sensitivity would be associated with anger via perceived non-reward, and high punishment sensitivity via perceived threat. In line with the hypotheses, an indirect effect of reward sensitivity on anger was found via perceived non-reward, and an indirect effect of punishment sensitivity on anger via perceived threat. The latter association also had an indirect effect via perceived non-reward. High punishment and reward sensitivity may thus set adolescents at risk for developing (comorbid) anger problems via heightened threat and non-reward perceptions.

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P.3.a.002 Deficits in reward sensitivity and reversal learning in chronic schizophrenia during decision-making tasks

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(07)70600-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. S402

Author(s):

Y.T. Kim ◽

B.D. Lee ◽

W. Cho ◽

D.H. Kwon ◽

S.N. Cho

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Reversal Learning ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Reward Sensitivity

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Concurrent Upregulation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and CD11b during Tuberculosis and Experimental Endotoxemia

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.8.5182-5185.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 5182-5185 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Nicole P. Juffermans ◽

Pascale E. P. Dekkers ◽

Annelies Verbon ◽

Peter Speelman ◽

Sander J. H. van Deventer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ◽

Urokinase Receptor ◽

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor ◽

Cd11b Expression ◽

Experimental Endotoxemia ◽

Plasminogen Activator Receptor

ABSTRACT Patients with tuberculosis had higher expression of monocyte urokinase receptor (uPAR) and CD11b than controls. In vitro, lipoarabinomannan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli shared the ability to enhance uPAR and CD11b expression on monocytes and granulocytes. In healthy volunteers, LPS induced increases in monocyte and granulocyte uPAR and CD11b.

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Exploring possible predictors and moderators of an executive function training for children with an autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361316682622 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 440-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marieke de Vries ◽

Mathilde GE Verdam ◽

Pier JM Prins ◽

Ben A Schmand ◽

Hilde M Geurts

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Autism Traits ◽

Moderating Factors ◽

Flexibility Training ◽

Executive Function Training

Previously, a total of 121 children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) performed an adaptive working memory (WM)-training, an adaptive flexibility-training, or a non-adaptive control (mock)-training. Despite overall improvement, there were minor differences between the adaptive and mock-training conditions. Moreover, dropout was relatively high (26%). In the current study we explored potential predicting and moderating factors to clarify these findings. The effects of intelligence, autism traits, WM, flexibility, reward sensitivity and Theory of Mind on dropout, improvement during training, and improvement in everyday executive functioning (EF), ASD-like behavior, and Quality of Life (QoL) were studied. None of the predictors influenced dropout or training improvement. However, 1) more pre-training autism traits related to less improvement in EF and QoL, and 2) higher reward sensitivity was related to more improvement in QoL and ASD-like behavior. These findings suggest that these EF-training procedures may be beneficial for children with fewer autism traits and higher reward sensitivity. However, the exploratory nature of the analyses warrant further research before applying the findings clinically.

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Sensitivity to financial rewards and impression management links to smartphone use and dependence

Cognition Brain Behavior An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.24193/cbb.2021.25.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 107-128

Author(s):

Graham Pluck ◽

◽

Pablo Emilio Barrera Falconi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impression Management ◽

Technology Use ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Self Report ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Observational Measures ◽

Instant Messenger ◽

Smartphone Use

Computational modeling and brain imaging studies suggest that sensitivity to rewards and behaviorist learning principles partly explain smartphone engagement patterns and potentially smartphone dependence. Responses to a questionnaire, and observational measures of smartphone use were recorded for 121 university students. Each participant was also tested with a laboratory task of reward sensitivity and a test of verbal operant conditioning. Twenty-three percent of the sample had probable smartphone addiction. Using multivariate regression, smartphone use, particularly the number of instant messenger services employed, was shown to be significantly and independently predicted by reward sensitivity (a positive relationship), and by instrumental conditioning (a negative relationship). However, the latter association was driven by a subset of participants who developed declarative knowledge of the response-reinforcer contingency. This suggests a process of impression management driven by experimental demand characteristics, producing goal-directed instrumental behavior not habit-based learning. No other measures of smartphone use, including the self-report scale, were significantly associated with the experimental tasks. We conclude that stronger engagement with smartphones, in particular instant messenger services, may be linked to people being more sensitive to rewarding stimuli, suggestive of a motivational or learning mechanism. We propose that this mechanism could underly problem smartphone use and dependence. It also potentially explains why some aspects of smartphone use, such as habitual actions, appear to be poorly measured by technology-use questionnaires. A serendipitous secondary finding confirmed that smartphone use reflected active self-presentation. Our ‘conditioning’ task-induced this behavior in the laboratory and could be used in social-cognition experimental studies.

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Reward Sensitivity and Waiting Impulsivity: Shift towards Reward Valuation away from Action Control

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1093/ijnp/pyx072 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 971-978 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Daisy J Mechelmans ◽

Daniela Strelchuk ◽

Nuria Doñamayor ◽

Paula Banca ◽

Trevor W Robbins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Action Control ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Reward Valuation

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