Normal Distribution of Body Weight Gain in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Energy Diet

Purpose Innovative health-promoting approaches of the era have verified phytoceutics as one of the prime therapeutic tools to alleviate numerous health-related ailments. The purpose of this paper is to probe the nutraceutic potential of ginger flowers and leaves against hyperglycemia. Design/methodology/approach The aqueous extracts of ginger flowers and leaves were observed on Sprague Dawley rats for 8 weeks. Two parallel studies were carried out based on dietary regimes: control and hyperglycemic diets. At the end of the experimental modus, the overnight fed rats were killed to determine the concentration of glucose and insulin in serum. The insulin resistance and insulin secretions were also calculated by formulae by considering fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations. Furthermore, the feed and drink intakes, body weight gain and hematological analysis were also carried out. Findings In streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats, the ginger flowers extract depicted 5.62% reduction; however, ginger leaves extract reduced the glucose concentration up to 7.11% (p = 0.001). Similarly, ginger flowers extract uplifted the insulin concentration up to 3.07%, while, by ginger leaves extract, the insulin value increased to 4.11% (p = 0.002). For the insulin resistance, the ginger flower showed 5.32% decrease; however, the insulin resistance was reduced to 6.48% by ginger leaves (p = 0.014). Moreover, the insulin secretion increased to 18.9% by flower extract and 21.8% by ginger leave extract (p = 0.001). The feed intake and body weight gain increased momentously by the addition of ginger flowers and leaves; however, the drink intake and hematological analysis remained non-significant by the addition of ginger parts. Originality/value Conclusively, it was revealed that leaves have more hypoglycemic potential as compared to flowers.

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Behavioral and endocrine traits of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats on macronutrient diets

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.6.e1057 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 274 (6) ◽

pp. E1057-E1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jian Wang ◽

Jesline T. Alexander ◽

Ping Zheng ◽

Hi Joon Yu ◽

Jordan Dourmashkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Patterns of eating behavior, body weight gain, and hormone changes were examined in normal-weight albino Sprague-Dawley rats on macronutrient diets. These diets consisted of either three separate jars with pure macronutrients, fat, carbohydrate and protein, from which to choose, or a single diet with different concentrations of fat and carbohydrate. Similar patterns on the choice-diet and single-diet paradigms were observed. During the first 7–10 days on these diets but not subsequently, the rats consuming a fat-rich diet exhibit significant hyperphagia, an increase in both total and fat intake that produces higher body weight gain. Compared with a 10% fat diet, a 30% fat diet is associated with a decline in insulin and corticosterone (CORT) levels, whereas a 60% fat diet produces an increase in circulating glucose. Levels of glucose are positively correlated with fat intake, and together these measures are consistently related to body fat. These relationships are most strongly expressed in rats that consume a fat-rich diet with >30% fat. Whereas insulin levels are also positively related to body fat, CORT is inversely related in these normal-weight subjects. In animals consuming a high-fat diet, a clear separation can be seen between “obesity-prone” (OP) rats with 100% greater body fat than “obesity-resistant” (OR) rats. The OP rats, which consume 15% more total calories, have significantly higher insulin and glucose levels. In animals that consume a diet with >30% fat, it is the OP but not the OR rats that exhibit a positive relation between fat intake, glucose levels, and body fat and reveal an additional association between carbohydrate intake, insulin, and body fat. Thus these rats on macronutrient diets exhibit distinct traits that relate behavior to hormone disturbances and adiposity and distinguish subjects that are prone vs. resistant to obesity.

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Stress facilitates body weight gain in genetically predisposed rats on medium-fat diet

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (4) ◽

pp. R791-R799 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Chantal Michel ◽

Barry E. Levin ◽

Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Dentate Gyrus ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Central Nucleus ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Dorsomedial Nucleus

To assess the interaction between stress and energy homeostasis, we immobilized male Sprague-Dawley rats prone to diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet resistance (DR) once for 20 min and then fed them either low-fat (4.5%) chow or a medium-fat (31%), high-energy (HE) diet for 9 days. Stressed, chow-fed DIO rats gained less, while stressed DIO rats on HE diet gained more body weight and had higher feed efficiency and plasma leptin levels than unstressed controls. Neither stress nor diet affected DR body weight gain. While stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels did not differ between phenotypes, DIO rats were initially more active in an open field and had higher hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA than DR rats, regardless of prior stress or diet. HE diet intake was associated with raised dentate gyrus and CA1 GR and amygdalar central nucleus (CeA) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression, while stress was associated with reduced hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus Ob-R mRNA and CeA CRH specifically in DIO rats fed HE diet. Thus a single stress triggers a complex interaction among weight gain phenotype, diet, and stress responsivity, which determines the body weight and adiposity of a given individual.

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Postnatal intracerebroventricular exposure to neuropeptide Y causes weight loss in female adult rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00557.2001 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 284 (6) ◽

pp. R1560-R1566 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Amit Varma ◽

Jing He ◽

Lisa Weissfeld ◽

Sherin U. Devaskar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Old Adult ◽

Arcuate Nuclei

We investigated the effect of repetitive postnatal (2–7 days) intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on food intake and body weight gain in the 3- to 120-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. NPY caused a 32% transient increase in body weight gain with elevated circulating insulin concentrations within 24 h. This early intervention led to the persistence of hyperinsulinemia and relative hyperleptinemia with euglycemia in the 120-day-old female alone. This perturbation was associated with 50% suppression in adult female hypothalamic NPY concentrations and a 50–85% decline in NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei. This change was paralleled by a ∼20% decline in food intake and body weight gain at 60 and 120 days. However, when exogenous NPY was stereotaxically reinjected into the paraventricular nucleus of the ∼120-day-old adult females who were pretreated with NPY postnatally, an increase in food intake and body weight gain was noted, attesting to no disruption in the NPY end-organ responsivity. We conclude that postnatal intracerebroventricular NPY has long-lasting effects that predetermine the resultant adult phenotype in a sex-specific manner.

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Diet cycling and age alter weight gain and insulin levels in rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.2.r527 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (2) ◽

pp. R527-R535 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

B. E. Levin

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

High Energy ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Plasma Insulin Levels ◽

Diet Intake

For assessment of the effect of diet cycling on body weight gain patterns, 3-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either cycled from chow to a high-energy condensed milk (CM) diet, back to chow, and then back to CM diet at 3-mo intervals (cyclers) or were fed chow to 9 mo of age and then CM diet for 3 mo (noncyclers). Nine of 21 cyclers developed diet-induced obesity (DIO), gaining 36, 59, and 281% more weight than chow-fed controls (CF) at each cycle, respectively. Twelve cycled rats were diet-resistant (DR) with comparable weight gain to CF rats after the first CM diet and chow cycles. However, they gained 202% more than CF rats and 50% more, with 29% heavier retroperitoneal fat pads, than noncycled DR rats after their second CM diet cycle begun at 9 mo of age. Enhanced weight gain in DR cyclers was probably due to enhanced food efficiency in the last few weeks of CM diet intake. Plasma insulin levels were 70% higher in cycled vs. noncycled DIO and DR rats, and both were higher than CF rats. Unlike 6-mo-old DR rats in a prior study, 12-mo-old noncycled DR rats after 3 mo on CM diet here had 45-172% higher alpha 2-adrenoceptors binding in 6 of 17 brain areas than noncycled DIO and/or CF rats. Thus age, diet cycling, and brain alpha 2-adrenoceptors interact to affect long-term changes in weight gain and metabolism.

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