Total and Regional Fat Distribution is Strongly Influenced by Genetic Factors in Young and Elderly Twins

Abstract. Leptin is a hormone involved in the regulation of feed intake and energy balance in animals. The expression and secretion of leptin is highly correlated with body fat mass and adipocyte size. The regulation of leptin is integrated into a broad regulatory network including other hormones and cytokines. Leptin's effects on food intake and energy expenditure is thought to be mediated centrally via various neurotransmitters. Peripheral hormones, including insulin and glucocorticoids, stimulate the expression of leptin. While leptin action has been well studied in rodents and humans, its role in farm animals remains to be determined in relation to feed intake and energy metabolism. Leptin may play a role in the regulation of regional fat distribution. The deposition of intramuscular fat (marbling) is positively correlated with the palatability of beef and, therefore, investigations into the mechanisms underlying fat aecretion in this depot are underway. Studying the relationship between leptin and lipid metabolizing enzymes may provide us with clues on the mechanisms governing site-specific fat aecretion in farm animals.

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REGIONAL FAT DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES: DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL WAIST-TO-HIP CIRCUMFERENCE RATIO

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-199505001-00668 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S117

Author(s):

K. T. Farrell-Lee ◽

D. L. Alekel ◽

C. B. Christ ◽

J. L. Clasey ◽

P. C. Fehling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Distribution ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

X Ray ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Regional Fat Distribution

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Volumes of coronary plaque disease in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, truncal fat mass and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/1479164119825761 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 328-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Søren Gullaksen ◽

Kristian Løkke Funck ◽

Esben Laugesen ◽

Troels Krarup Hansen ◽

Damini Dey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Coronary Plaque ◽

Calcified Plaque ◽

Regional Fat Distribution

Objectives: Coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be promoted by regional fat distribution. We investigated the association between anthropometric measures of obesity, truncal fat mass, epicardial adipose tissue and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients and matched controls. Methods: We examined 44 patients and 59 controls [mean (standard deviation) age 64.4 ± 9.9 vs 61.8 ± 9.7, male 50% vs 47%, diabetes duration mean (standard deviation) 7.7 ± 1.5] with coronary computed tomography angiography. Coronary plaques were quantified as total, calcified, non-calcified and low-density non-calcified plaque volumes (mm3). Regional fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm) and epicardial fat volume (mm3). Endothelial function and systemic inflammation were evaluated by peripheral arterial tonometry (log transformed Reactive Hyperemia Index) and C-reactive protein (mg/L). Results: Body mass index and waist circumference ( p < 0.02) were associated with coronary plaque volumes. Body mass index was associated with low-density non-calcified plaque volume after adjustment for age, sex and diabetes status ( p < 0.01). Truncal fat mass ( p > 0.51), waist circumference ( p > 0.06) and epicardial adipose tissue ( p > 0.17) were not associated with coronary plaque volumes in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: Body mass index is associated with coronary plaque volumes in diabetic as well as non-diabetic individuals.

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Relationship of Regional Fat Distribution and Obesity to Electrocardiographic Parameters in Healthy Premenopausal Women

Southern Medical Journal ◽

10.1097/00007611-199108000-00007 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 84 (8) ◽

pp. 961-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

ALAN N. PEIRIS ◽

RANJAN K. THAKUR ◽

MARK S. SOTHMANN ◽

ANTHONY B. GUSTAFSON ◽

MAGDA I. HENNES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Premenopausal Women ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Regional Fat Distribution ◽

Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽

Relationship Of

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Regional fat distribution in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: effect of duration of malnutrition and weight recovery

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-07-0459 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 157 (4) ◽

pp. 473-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

María Teresa García De Álvaro ◽

María Teresa Muñoz-Calvo ◽

Vicente Barrios ◽

Guillermo Martínez ◽

Gabriel Ángel Martos-Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Secondary Amenorrhea ◽

Short Period ◽

Regional Fat Distribution ◽

Moderate Malnutrition

Objective: This study addresses the influence of the duration of malnutrition and the effect of weight recovery on regional fat mass distribution in moderately malnourished adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). Study design: We measured total and regional fat mass and leptin levels in 42 restrictive AN female adolescents and 23 controls. AN patients, followed over 2 years, were divided into three groups: prolonged moderate malnutrition (PM; secondary amenorrhea for over 1 year, n = 14); SM, short period of moderate malnutrition (secondary amenorrhea for less than 1 year, n = 13); and R, recovered from AN (BMI, body mass index and menses recovered for over 6 months, n = 15). Results: Total, trunk, and extremity fat mass were reduced in the PM and SM groups (P < 0.05), whereas only PM patients showed altered regional fat distribution with a low trunk to extremity fat ratio (P < 0.05). BMI increased after 12 months only in the SM group (P < 0.05), with menses resumption in 69% of these patients and BMI normalization at 24 months. Their regional fat distribution was similar to controls throughout the study. No difference in any parameter was found between the R group and the controls. Conclusion: Prolonged malnutrition, but not weight recovery, is associated with an abnormal regional fat distribution pattern in moderately malnourished AN adolescents.

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