scholarly journals Regional fat distribution in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: effect of duration of malnutrition and weight recovery

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa García De Álvaro ◽  
María Teresa Muñoz-Calvo ◽  
Vicente Barrios ◽  
Guillermo Martínez ◽  
Gabriel Ángel Martos-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Regional Fat Distribution ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

Objective: This study addresses the influence of the duration of malnutrition and the effect of weight recovery on regional fat mass distribution in moderately malnourished adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). Study design: We measured total and regional fat mass and leptin levels in 42 restrictive AN female adolescents and 23 controls. AN patients, followed over 2 years, were divided into three groups: prolonged moderate malnutrition (PM; secondary amenorrhea for over 1 year, n = 14); SM, short period of moderate malnutrition (secondary amenorrhea for less than 1 year, n = 13); and R, recovered from AN (BMI, body mass index and menses recovered for over 6 months, n = 15). Results: Total, trunk, and extremity fat mass were reduced in the PM and SM groups (P < 0.05), whereas only PM patients showed altered regional fat distribution with a low trunk to extremity fat ratio (P < 0.05). BMI increased after 12 months only in the SM group (P < 0.05), with menses resumption in 69% of these patients and BMI normalization at 24 months. Their regional fat distribution was similar to controls throughout the study. No difference in any parameter was found between the R group and the controls. Conclusion: Prolonged malnutrition, but not weight recovery, is associated with an abnormal regional fat distribution pattern in moderately malnourished AN adolescents.

scholarly journals Volumes of coronary plaque disease in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, truncal fat mass and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Gullaksen ◽  
Kristian Løkke Funck ◽  
Esben Laugesen ◽  
Troels Krarup Hansen ◽  
Damini Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Calcified Plaque ◽  
Regional Fat Distribution

Objectives: Coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be promoted by regional fat distribution. We investigated the association between anthropometric measures of obesity, truncal fat mass, epicardial adipose tissue and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients and matched controls. Methods: We examined 44 patients and 59 controls [mean (standard deviation) age 64.4 ± 9.9 vs 61.8 ± 9.7, male 50% vs 47%, diabetes duration mean (standard deviation) 7.7 ± 1.5] with coronary computed tomography angiography. Coronary plaques were quantified as total, calcified, non-calcified and low-density non-calcified plaque volumes (mm3). Regional fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm) and epicardial fat volume (mm3). Endothelial function and systemic inflammation were evaluated by peripheral arterial tonometry (log transformed Reactive Hyperemia Index) and C-reactive protein (mg/L). Results: Body mass index and waist circumference ( p < 0.02) were associated with coronary plaque volumes. Body mass index was associated with low-density non-calcified plaque volume after adjustment for age, sex and diabetes status ( p < 0.01). Truncal fat mass ( p > 0.51), waist circumference ( p > 0.06) and epicardial adipose tissue ( p > 0.17) were not associated with coronary plaque volumes in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: Body mass index is associated with coronary plaque volumes in diabetic as well as non-diabetic individuals.

scholarly journals Menstruation disorders in adolescents with eating disorders – target body mass index percentiles for their resolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Vale ◽  
Sara Brito ◽  
Lígia Paulos ◽  
Pascoal Moleiro
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Initial Body Mass Index ◽  
The Ideal

Objective To analyse the progression of body mass index in eating disorders and to determine the percentile for establishment and resolution of the disease.Methods A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. Review of clinical files of adolescents with eating disorders.Results Of the 62 female adolescents studied with eating disorders, 51 presented with eating disorder not otherwise specified, 10 anorexia nervosa, and 1 bulimia nervosa. Twenty-one of these adolescents had menstrual disorders; in that, 14 secondary amenorrhea and 7 menstrual irregularities (6 eating disorder not otherwise specified, and 1 bulimia nervosa). In average, in anorectic adolescents, the initial body mass index was in 75thpercentile; secondary amenorrhea was established 1 month after onset of the disease; minimum weight was 76.6% of ideal body mass index (at 4th percentile) at 10.2 months of disease; and resolution of amenorrhea occurred at 24 months, with average weight recovery of 93.4% of the ideal. In eating disorder not otherwise specified with menstrual disorder (n=10), the mean initial body mass index was at 85thpercentile; minimal weight was in average 97.7% of the ideal value (minimum body mass index was in 52nd percentile) at 14.9 months of disease; body mass index stabilization occured at 1.6 year of disease; and mean body mass index was in 73rd percentile. Considering eating disorder not otherwise specified with secondary amenorrhea (n=4); secondary amenorrhea occurred at 4 months, with resolution at 12 months of disease (mean 65th percentile body mass index).Conclusion One-third of the eating disorder group had menstrual disorder − two-thirds presented with amenorrhea. This study indicated that for the resolution of their menstrual disturbance the body mass index percentiles to be achieved by female adolescents with eating disorders was 25-50 in anorexia nervosa, and 50-75, in eating disorder not otherwise specified.

Regional fat distribution in adolescent and adult females with anorexia nervosa: A longitudinal study

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan El Ghoch ◽  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Simona Calugi ◽  
Manfred J. Müller ◽  
Maryam Pourhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Regional Fat Distribution

Circulating 5α-dihydrotestosterone, abdominal obesity and adipocyte characteristics in women

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Côté ◽  
Julie Lessard ◽  
Jacques Mailloux ◽  
Philippe Laberge ◽  
Caroline Rhéaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Androgen Levels

AbstractThe association between circulating androgen levels and fat distribution in women has been widely inconsistent among existing studies.We sought to investigate the relation between plasma adrenal and gonadal androgen levels and body fat distribution, as well as abdominal adipocyte characteristics.Paired omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were surgically obtained from 60 women (age, 47±5 years; body mass index, 26±5 kg/mSignificant negative associations were found between plasma dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels and total adiposity (body mass index, r=–0.35, p<0.05; fat mass, r=–0.31, p<0.05) as well as computed tomography assessments of abdominal adiposity (r=–0.30, p<0.05 and r=–0.44, p<0.005 for subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue area, respectively). The association between DHT levels and visceral adipose tissue area was independent of total body fat mass. A significant negative association was also observed between plasma DHT and omental adipocyte diameter (r=–0.27, p<0.05). When expressed as the omental/subcutaneous ratio, heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity was negatively and significantly related to plasma DHT, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels.Abdominally obese women with large, metabolically active omental adipocytes appear to be characterized by reduced endogenous levels of DHT. The assumption that high androgen levels are associated with an android body fat distribution pattern in women should be critically re-examined.

Subcutaneous obesity is not associated with sympathetic neural activation

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. H414-H418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy E. Alvarez ◽  
Tasha P. Ballard ◽  
Stacy D. Beske ◽  
Kevin P. Davy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽  
Regional Fat Distribution ◽  
Plasma Leptin

We tested the hypothesis that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) would not differ in subcutaneously obese (SUBOB) and nonobese (NO) men with similar levels of abdominal visceral fat despite higher plasma leptin concentrations in the former. We further hypothesized that abdominal visceral fat would be the strongest body composition- or regional fat distribution-related correlate of MSNA among these individuals. To accomplish this, we measured MSNA (via microneurography), body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and abdominal fat distribution (via computed tomography) in 15 NO (body mass index ≤ 25 kg/m2; 22.4 ± 1.4 yr) and 9 SUBOB (25 ≤ body mass index ≤ 35 kg/m2; 23.4 ± 2.1 yr) sedentary men. As expected, body mass (94 ± 4 vs. 71 ± 2 kg), total fat mass (25 ± 2 vs. 12 ± 1 kg), and abdominal subcutaneous fat (307 ± 36 vs. 132 ± 12 cm2) were significantly higher in the SUBOB group compared with NO peers. However, the level of abdominal visceral fat did not differ significantly in the two groups (69 ± 7 vs. 55 ± 5 cm2). MSNA was not different between SUBOB and NO men (23 ± 3 vs. 24 ± 2 bursts/min; P > 0.05, respectively) despite ∼2.6-fold higher ( P < 0.05) plasma leptin concentration in the SUBOB men. Furthermore, abdominal visceral fat was the only body composition- or regional fat distribution-related correlate ( r = 0.45; P < 0.05) of MSNA in the pooled sample. In addition, abdominal visceral fat was related to MSNA in NO ( r = 0.58; P = 0.0239) but not SUBOB ( r = 0.39; P = 0.3027) men. Taken together with our previous observations, our findings suggest that the relation between obesity and MSNA is phenotype dependent. The relation between abdominal visceral fat and MSNA was evident in NO but not in SUBOB men and at levels of abdominal visceral fat below the level typically associated with elevated cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. Our observations do not support an obvious role for leptin in contributing to sympathetic neural activation in human obesity and, in turn, are inconsistent with the concept of selective leptin resistance.

scholarly journals TRUNK BODY MASS INDEX: A NEW REFERENCE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS DISTRIBUTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane TAKESIAN ◽  
Marco Aurelio SANTO ◽  
Alexandre Vieira GADDUCCI ◽  
Gabriela Correia de Faria SANTARÉM ◽  
Julia GREVE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Super Obesity ◽  
Obesity Class

ABSTRACT Background: Body mass index (BMI) has some limitations for nutritional diagnosis since it does not represent an accurate measure of body fat and it is unable to identify predominant fat distribution. Aim: To develop a BMI based on the ratio of trunk mass and height. Methods: Fifty-seven patients in preoperative evaluation to bariatric surgery were evaluated. The preoperative anthropometric evaluation assessed weight, height and BMI. The body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance, obtaining the trunk fat free mass and fat mass, and trunk height. Trunk BMI (tBMI) was calculated by the sum of the measurements of the trunk fat free mass (tFFM) and trunk fat mass (tFM) in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m2)). The calculation of the trunk fat BMI (tfBMI) was calculated by tFM, in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m2)). For the correction and adjustment of the tBMI and tfBMI, it was calculated the relation between trunk extension and height, multiplying by the obtained indexes. Results: The mean data was: weight 125.3±19.5 kg, height 1.63±0.1 m, BMI was 47±5 kg/m2) and trunk height was 0.52±0,1 m, tFFM was 29.05±4,8 kg, tFM was 27.2±3.7 kg, trunk mass index was 66.6±10.3 kg/m², and trunk fat was 32.3±5.8 kg/m². In 93% of the patients there was an increase in obesity class using the tBMI. In patients with grade III obesity the tBMI reclassified to super obesity in 72% of patients and to super-super obesity in 24% of the patients. Conclusion: The trunk BMI is simple and allows a new reference for the evaluation of the body mass distribution, and therefore a new reclassification of the obesity class, evidencing the severity of obesity in a more objectively way.

scholarly journals Differences in Adiposity Profile and Body Fat Distribution between Forwards and Backs in Sub-Elite Spanish Female Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5713
Author(s):  
Dolores Escrivá ◽  
Jordi Caplliure-Llopis ◽  
Inmaculada Benet ◽  
Gonzalo Mariscal ◽  
Juan Vicente Mampel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Fat

The purpose of this study was to analyze the adiposity profile and the body fat distribution in 56 sub-elite female rugby union players involved in the Spanish National Women’s Rugby Union Championships. The participants included in this study, which was the first to analyze sub-elite players, show thinner skinfolds, lower fat mass, and lesser fat percentage than previously reported for elite female rugby union players. Forwards were heavier and had higher body mass index (BMI) and fat mass, thicker skinfolds, and higher fat percentage than back players. Forwards also possessed significantly greater total fat-free mass than backs. All these differences were applicable only to players under 25 years of age. A negative correlation between age and both abdominal and lower extremity fat was found in forward players but not in the backs. Both Yuhasz and Faulkner equations tended to underestimate fat percentage in comparison to Reilly equation. Although Yuhasz equation provided higher systematic error, random error was lower in comparison to Faulkner equation. This study shows the relevance of analyzing and monitoring adiposity in female rugby union players to optimize adaptation to the sports requirements of different playing positions and age.

scholarly journals Body Fat Distribution, Overweight, and Cardiac Structures in School‐Age Children: A Population‐Based Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Toemen ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Arno A. Roest ◽  
Gavro Jelic ◽  
Aad van der Lugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ventricular Mass

Background Adiposity is associated with larger left ventricular mass in children and adults. The role of body fat distribution in these associations is not clear. We examined the associations of body fat distribution and overweight with cardiac measures obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in school‐age children. Methods and Results In a population‐based cohort study including 2836 children, 10 years of age, we used anthropometric measures, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging to collect information on body mass index, lean mass index, fat mass index, and abdominal visceral adipose tissue index. Indexes were standardized by height. Cardiac measures included right and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, left ventricular mass, and mass‐to‐volume ratio as a marker for concentricity. All body fat measures were positively associated with right and left ventricular end‐diastolic volumes and left ventricular mass, with the strongest associations for lean mass index (all P <0.05). Obese children had a 1.12 standard deviation score (95% CI , 0.94–1.30) larger left ventricular mass and a 0.35 standard deviation score (95% CI , 0.14–0.57) higher left ventricular mass‐to‐volume ratio than normal weight children. Conditional on body mass index, higher lean mass index was associated with higher right and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume and left ventricular mass, whereas higher fat mass measures were inversely associated with these cardiac measures (all P <0.05). Conclusions Higher childhood body mass index is associated with a larger right and left ventricular size. This association is influenced by higher lean mass. In childhood, lean mass may be a stronger determinant of heart growth than fat mass. Fat mass may influence cardiac structures at older ages.

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