The effects of altered BMP4 signaling in first branchial-arch-derived murine embryonic orofacial tissues

AbstractThe first branchial arch (BA1), which is derived from cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, gives rise to various orofacial tissues. Cre mice are widely used for the determination of CNC and exploration of gene functions in orofacial development. However, there is a lack of Cre mice specifically marked BA1’s cells. Pax2-Cre allele was previously generated and has been widely used in the field of inner ear development. Here, by compounding Pax2-Cre and R26R-mTmG mice, we found a specific expression pattern of Pax2+ cells that marked BA1’s mesenchymal cells and the BA1-derivatives. Compared to Pax2-Cre; R26R-mTmG allele, GFP+ cells were abundantly found both in BA1 and second branchial arch in Wnt1-Cre;R26R-mTmG mice. As BMP4 signaling is required for orofacial development, we over-activated Bmp4 by using Pax2-Cre; pMes-BMP4 strain. Interestingly, our results showed bilateral hyperplasia between the upper and lower teeth. We also compare the phenotypes of Wnt1-Cre; pMes-BMP4 and Pax2-Cre; pMes-BMP4 strains and found severe deformation of molar buds, palate, and maxilla-mandibular bony structures in Wnt1-Cre; pMes-BMP4 mice; however, the morphology of these orofacial organs were comparable between controls and Pax2-Cre; pMes-BMP4 mice except for bilateral hyperplastic tissues. We further explore the properties of the hyperplastic tissue and found it is not derived from Runx2+ cells but expresses Msx1, and probably caused by abnormal cell proliferation and altered expression pattern of p-Smad1/5/8. In sum, our findings suggest altering BMP4 signaling in BA1-specific cell lineage may lead to unique phenotypes in orofacial regions, further hinting that Pax2-Cre mice could be a new model for genetic manipulation of BA1-derived organogenesis in the orofacial region.

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Altered Expression Pattern of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel Isoforms in Piriform Cortex After Seizures

Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s12035-015-9130-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 1782-1793 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hao Wu ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Bei Liu ◽

Huanfa Li ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Channel ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Piriform Cortex ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Altered Expression Pattern

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Altered expression pattern of testican-1 mRNA after brain injury

Biomedical Research ◽

10.2220/biomedres.32.373 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 373-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ken Iseki ◽

Seita Hagino ◽

Yuxiang Zhang ◽

Tetsuji Mori ◽

Nobuko Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Altered Expression Pattern

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Tissue Distribution of ACE2 Protein in Syrian Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and Its Possible Implications in SARS-CoV-2 Related Studies

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.579330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Voddu Suresh ◽

Deepti Parida ◽

Aliva P. Minz ◽

Manisha Sethi ◽

Bhabani S. Sahoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Pattern ◽

Golden Hamster ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Mesocricetus Auratus ◽

Syrian Golden Hamster ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Tissue Specific Expression ◽

Specific Expression Pattern

The Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has recently been demonstrated as a clinically relevant animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, lack of knowledge about the tissue-specific expression pattern of various proteins in these animals and the unavailability of reagents like antibodies against this species hampers these models’ optimal use. The major objective of our current study was to analyze the tissue-specific expression pattern of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a proven functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in different organs of the hamster. Using two different antibodies (MA5-32307 and AF933), we have conducted immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analysis to evaluate the ACE2 expression in different tissues of the hamster. Further, at the mRNA level, the expression of Ace2 in tissues was evaluated through RT-qPCR analysis. Both the antibodies detected expression of ACE2 in kidney, small intestine, tongue, and liver. Epithelium of proximal tubules of kidney and surface epithelium of ileum expresses a very high amount of this protein. Surprisingly, analysis of stained tissue sections showed no detectable expression of ACE2 in the lung or tracheal epithelial cells. Similarly, all parts of the large intestine were negative for ACE2 expression. Analysis of tissues from different age groups and sex didn’t show any obvious difference in ACE2 expression pattern or level. Together, our findings corroborate some of the earlier reports related to ACE2 expression patterns in human tissues and contradict others. We believe that this study’s findings have provided evidence that demands further investigation to understand the predominant respiratory pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease.

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Neuropeptides in modulation of Drosophila behavior: how to get a grip on their pleiotropic actions

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27531 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dick R Nässel ◽

Dennis Pauls ◽

Wolf Huetteroth

Keyword(s):

Expression Pattern ◽

Internal State ◽

Neurosecretory Cells ◽

Higher Order ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Specific Expression Pattern ◽

Pleiotropic Functions ◽

Pleiotropic Actions ◽

The Brain ◽

Different Levels

Neuropeptides constitute a large and diverse class of signaling molecules that are produced by many types of neurons, neurosecretory cells, endocrines and other cells. Many neuropeptides display pleiotropic actions either as neuromodulators, co-transmitters or circulating hormones, while some play these roles concurrently. Here, we highlight pleiotropic functions of neuropeptides and different levels of neuropeptide signaling in the brain, from context-dependent orchestrating signaling by higher order neurons, to local executive modulation in specific circuits. Additionally, orchestrating neurons receive peptidergic signals from neurons conveying organismal internal state cues and relay these to executive circuits. We exemplify these levels of signaling with four neuropeptides, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A and leucokinin, each with a specific expression pattern and level of complexity in signaling.

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mirror controls planar polarity and equator formation through repression of fringe expression and through control of cell affinities

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.126.24.5857 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 126 (24) ◽

pp. 5857-5866 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C.H. Yang ◽

M.A. Simon ◽

H. McNeill

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Mirror Image ◽

Sharp Boundary ◽

Planar Polarity ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Mirror Function ◽

Putative Transcription Factor ◽

Specific Expression Pattern ◽

Dorsal Cells

The Drosophila eye is divided into dorsal and ventral mirror image fields that are separated by a sharp boundary known as the equator. We have previously demonstrated that Mirror, a homeodomain-containing putative transcription factor with a dorsal-specific expression pattern in the eye, induces the formation of the equator at the boundary between mirror-expressing and non-expressing cells. Here, we provide evidence that suggests mirror regulates equator formation by two mechanisms. First, mirror defines the location of the equator by creating a boundary of fringe expression at the mid-point of the eye. We show that mirror creates this boundary by repressing fringe expression in the dorsal half of the eye. Significantly, a boundary of mirror expression cannot induce the formation of an equator unless a boundary of fringe expression is formed simultaneously. Second, mirror acts to sharpen the equator by reducing the mixing of dorsal and ventral cells at the equator. In support of this model, we show that clones of cells lacking mirror function tend not to mix with surrounding mirror-expressing cells. The tendency of mirror-expressing and non-expressing cells to avoid mixing with each other is not determined by their differences in fringe expression. Thus mirror acts to regulate equator formation by both physically separating the dorsal cells from ventral cells, and restricting the formation of a fng expression boundary to the border where the dorsal and ventral cells meet.

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Fate of the mammalian cranial neural crest during tooth and mandibular morphogenesis

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.127.8.1671 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 127 (8) ◽

pp. 1671-1679 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Y. Chai ◽

X. Jiang ◽

Y. Ito ◽

P. Bringas ◽

J. Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Crest ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Cell Lineage ◽

Neural Crest Cell ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Genetic System ◽

Branchial Arch ◽

Mouse Line ◽

Cranial Neural Crest ◽

Two Component

Neural crest cells are multipotential stem cells that contribute extensively to vertebrate development and give rise to various cell and tissue types. Determination of the fate of mammalian neural crest has been inhibited by the lack of appropriate markers. Here, we make use of a two-component genetic system for indelibly marking the progeny of the cranial neural crest during tooth and mandible development. In the first mouse line, Cre recombinase is expressed under the control of the Wnt1 promoter as a transgene. Significantly, Wnt1 transgene expression is limited to the migrating neural crest cells that are derived from the dorsal CNS. The second mouse line, the ROSA26 conditional reporter (R26R), serves as a substrate for the Cre-mediated recombination. Using this two-component genetic system, we have systematically followed the migration and differentiation of the cranial neural crest (CNC) cells from E9.5 to 6 weeks after birth. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that CNC cells contribute to the formation of condensed dental mesenchyme, dental papilla, odontoblasts, dentine matrix, pulp, cementum, periodontal ligaments, chondrocytes in Meckel's cartilage, mandible, the articulating disc of temporomandibular joint and branchial arch nerve ganglia. More importantly, there is a dynamic distribution of CNC- and non-CNC-derived cells during tooth and mandibular morphogenesis. These results are a first step towards a comprehensive understanding of neural crest cell migration and differentiation during mammalian craniofacial development. Furthermore, this transgenic model also provides a new tool for cell lineage analysis and genetic manipulation of neural-crest-derived components in normal and abnormal embryogenesis.

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