The paradoxical effects of chronic stress on avoidance: a role for amygdala-dorsomedial prefrontal cortex dialogue

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar S. Grunfeld ◽  
Ekaterina Likhtik
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Paradoxical Effects

scholarly journals A pilot trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in anorexia nervosa: resting fMRI correlates of response

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blake Woodside ◽  
Katharine Dunlop ◽  
Charlene Sathi ◽  
Eileen Lam ◽  
Brigitte McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex

Abstract Background Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) face severe and chronic illness with high mortality rates, despite our best currently available conventional treatments. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown increasing efficacy in treatment-refractory cases across a variety of psychiatric disorders comorbid with AN, including major depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, to date few studies have examined the effects of a course of rTMS on AN pathology itself. Methods Nineteen patients with AN underwent a 20–30 session open-label course of dorsomedial prefrontal rTMS for comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ± PTSD. Resting-state functional MRI was acquired at baseline in 16/19 patients. Results Following treatment, significant improvements were seen in core AN pathology on the EDE global scale, and to a lesser extent on the shape and weight concerns subscales. Significant improvements in comorbid anxiety, and to a lesser extent depression, also ensued. The greatest improvements were seen in patients with lower baseline functional connectivity from the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) target to regions in the right frontal pole and left angular gyrus. Conclusions Despite the limited size of this preliminary, open-label study, the results suggest that rTMS is safe in AN, and may be useful in addressing some core domains of AN pathology. Other targets may also be worth studying in this population, in future sham-controlled trials with larger sample sizes. Trial registration Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04409704. Registered May 282,020. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Interfering with activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex via TMS affects social impressions updating

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferrari ◽  
Tomaso Vecchi ◽  
Alexander Todorov ◽  
Zaira Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Induced Remodeling of the Prefrontal Cortex: Structural Re-Organization of Microglia and the Inhibitory Effect of Minocycline

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hinwood ◽  
R. J. Tynan ◽  
J. L. Charnley ◽  
S. B. Beynon ◽  
T. A. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Alters Astrocyte Morphology in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra A. Codeluppi ◽  
Dipashree Chatterjee ◽  
Thomas D. Prevot ◽  
Keith A. Misquitta ◽  
Etienne Sibille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Sholl Analysis ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Stress Models

AbstractBackgroundNeuromorphological changes are consistently reported in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with stress-related disorders and in rodent stress models, but the effects of stress on astrocyte morphology and potential link to behavioral deficits are relatively unknown.MethodsTo answer these questions, transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) promotor were subjected to 7, 21 or 35 days of chronic restraint stress (CRS). CRS behavioral effects on anhedonia- and anxiety-like behaviours were measured using the sucrose intake and the PhenoTyper tests, respectively. PFC GFP+ or GFAP+ cells morphology was assessed using Sholl analysis and associations with behavior were determined using correlation analysis.ResultsCRS-exposed mice displayed anxiety-like behavior at 7, 21 and 35 days and anhedonia-like behavior at 35 days. Analysis of GFAP+ cell morphology revealed significant atrophy of distal processes following 21 and 35 days of CRS. CRS induced similar decreases in intersections at distal radii for GFP+ cells, accompanied by increased proximal processes. Additionally, the number of intersections at the most distal radius step significantly correlated with time spent in the shelter zone in the PhenoTyper test (r=-0.581, p<0.01) for GFP+ cells and with behavioural emotionality calculated by z-scoring all behavioral measured deficits, for both GFAP+ and GFP+ cells (r=-0.400, p<0.05; r=-0.399, p<0.05).ConclusionChronic stress exposure induces a progressive atrophy of cortical astroglial cells, potentially contributing to maladaptive neuroplastic changes associated with stress-related disorders.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial gene signature in the prefrontal cortex for differential susceptibility to chronic stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Weger ◽  
Daniel Alpern ◽  
Antoine Cherix ◽  
Sriparna Ghosal ◽  
Jocelyn Grosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction was highlighted as a crucial vulnerability factor for the development of depression. However, systemic studies assessing stress-induced changes in mitochondria-associated genes in brain regions relevant to depression symptomatology remain scarce. Here, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic study to examine mitochondrial gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice exposed to multimodal chronic restraint stress. We identified mitochondria-associated gene pathways as most prominently affected in the PFC and with lesser significance in the NAc. A more detailed mitochondrial gene expression analysis revealed that in particular mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes were altered in the PFC. The comparison of our data with a reanalyzed transcriptome data set of chronic variable stress mice and major depression disorder subjects showed that the changes in mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes are a feature generalizing to other chronic stress-protocols as well and might have translational relevance. Finally, we provide evidence for changes in mitochondrial outputs in the PFC following chronic stress that are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, our work reinforces the idea that changes in mitochondrial gene expression are key players in the prefrontal adaptations observed in individuals with high behavioral susceptibility and resilience to chronic stress.

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