Serum brain injury biomarkers are gestationally and post-natally regulated in non-brain injured neonates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Brooks ◽  
Barbara D. Friedes ◽  
Frances Northington ◽  
Ernest Graham ◽  
Aylin Tekes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injured

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Standard Oral Care Plan During Hospital Stay in Individuals With Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simple F. Kothari ◽  
Gustavo G. Nascimento ◽  
Mille B. Jakobsen ◽  
Jørgen F. Nielsen ◽  
Mohit Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an existing standard oral care program (SOCP) and factors associated with it during hospitalization in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI).Material and Methods: A total of 61 individuals underwent a SOCP for 4 weeks in a longitudinal observational study. Rapidly noticeable changes in oral health were evaluated by performing plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing (BOP) and bedside oral examination (BOE) at weeks 1 and 5. Individuals' brushing habits, eating difficulties, and the onset of pneumonia were retrieved from their medical records. Association between oral-health outcomes to systemic variables were investigated through multilevel regression models.Results: Dental plaque (P = 0.01) and total BOE score (P < 0.05) decreased over time but not the proportion of dental calculus (P = 0.30), BOP (P = 0.06), and tooth brushing frequency (P = 0.06). Reduction in plaque and BOE over time were negatively associated with higher periodontitis scores at baseline (coef. −6.8; −1.0), respectively, which in turn were associated with an increased proportion of BOP (coef. ≈ 15.0). An increased proportion of calculus was associated with eating difficulties (coef. 2.3) and the onset of pneumonia (coef. 6.2).Conclusions: Nursing care has been fundamental in improving oral health, especially reducing dental plaque and BOE scores. However, our findings indicate a need for improving the existing SOCP through academic-clinical partnerships.Clinical Relevance: Early introduction of oral care program to brain-injured individuals is beneficial in reducing plaque accumulation and improving oral health.

scholarly journals The Expanding Role of Quantitative Pupillometry in the Evaluation and Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H. Boulter ◽  
Margaret M. Shields ◽  
Melissa R. Meister ◽  
Gregory Murtha ◽  
Brian P. Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
The World ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Austere Environments ◽  
Active Investigation

Traumatic brain injury is a rapidly increasing source of morbidity and mortality across the world. As such, the evaluation and management of traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe are under active investigation. Over the last two decades, quantitative pupillometry has been increasingly found to be useful in both the immediate evaluation and ongoing management of traumatic brain injured patients. Given these findings and the portability and ease of use of modern pupillometers, further adoption and deployment of quantitative pupillometers into the preclinical and hospital settings of both resource rich and medically austere environments.

Multimodality Monitoring

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Maranatha Ayodele ◽  
Kristine O’Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Multimodality Monitoring ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Injured Patients

Advancements in the critical care of patients with various forms of acute brain injury (traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, etc.) in its current evolution recognizes that in addition to the initial insult, there is a secondary cascade of physiological events in the injured brain that contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Multimodality monitoring (MMM) in neurocritical care aims to recognize this secondary cascade in a timely manner. With early recognition, critical care of brain-injured patients may then be tailored to preventing and alleviating this secondary injury. MMM includes a variety of invasive and noninvasive techniques aimed at monitoring brain physiologic parameters such as intracranial pressure, perfusion, oxygenation, blood flow, metabolism, and electrical activity. This chapter provides an overview of these techniques and offers a practical guide to their integration and use in the intensive care setting.

The Iconic Memory Skills of Brain Injury Survivors and Non-Brain Injured Controls After Visual Scanning Training

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. McClure ◽  
R. Terry Browning ◽  
Carma M. Vantrease ◽  
Sarah T. Bittle
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Brain Injured

scholarly journals Increased Vulnerability of NFH-LacZ Transgenic Mouse to Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Behavioral Deficits and Cortical Damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Nakamura ◽  
Kathryn E. Saatman ◽  
James E. Galvin ◽  
Uwe Scherbel ◽  
Ramesh Raghupathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Beam Balance ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Neuromotor Function ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis

The authors evaluated the neurobehavioral and neuropathologic sequelae after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in transgenic (TG) mice expressing truncated high molecular weight neurofilament (NF) protein fused to beta-galactosidase (NFH-LacZ), which develop Lewy body-like NF-rich inclusions throughout the CNS. TG mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to controlled cortical impact brain injury (TG, n=19; WT, n=17) or served as uninjured controls (TG, n =11; WT, n =11). During a 3-week period, mice were evaluated with an array of neuromotor function tests including neuroscore, beam balance, and both fast and slow acceleration rotarod. Brain-injured WT and TG mice showed significant motor dysfunction until 15 days and 21 days post-injury, respectively ( P < .025). Compared with brain-injured WT mice, brain-injured TG mice had significantly greater motor dysfunction as assessed by neuroscore ( P < .01) up to and including 15 days post-injury. Similarly, brain-injured TG mice performed significantly worse than brain-injured WT mice on slow acceleration rotarod at 2, 8, and 15 days post-injury ( P < .05), and beam balance over 2 weeks post-injury ( P < .01). Histopathologic analysis showed significantly greater tissue loss in the injured hemisphere in TG mice at 4 weeks post-injury ( P < .01). Together these data show that NFH-LacZ TG mice are more behaviorally and histologically vulnerable to TBI than WT mice, suggesting that the presence of NF-rich inclusions may exacerbate neuromotor dysfunction and cell death after TBI.

Coincident Timing by Nondisabled, Mentally Retarded, and Traumatic Brain-Injured Individuals under Varying Target-Exposure Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Croce ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Glenn Roswal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Target Exposure ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Coincident timing by 15 nondisabled individuals, 15 mentally retarded and 15 traumatically brain injured was measured under varying target-exposure conditions. Absolute constant error, constant error, and variable error were analyzed in separate repeated-measures analyses of variance for early performance (first block of practice), late performance (last block of practice), and retention (last block of retention). Subjects with mental retardation displayed the least accurate and most variable coincident-timing responses. Nondisabled subjects were most influenced by target-exposure time; subjects with traumatic brain injury were most influenced by target-viewing distance; and subjects with mental retardation were most influenced by a combination of target velocity and target-viewing distance. Subjects with mental retardation displayed a too-early response bias, while nondisabled subjects tended to have a too-late response bias. Individuals with traumatic brain injury had a variable response bias.

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