scholarly journals Relationship between sensory characteristics and cortical thickness/volume in autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaie Habata ◽  
Yongjeon Cheong ◽  
Taku Kamiya ◽  
Daichi Shiotsu ◽  
Ichiro M. Omori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Brain Image Analysis

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit atypical sensory characteristics, impaired social skills, deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. The relationship between sensory characteristics and brain morphological changes in ASD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between brain morphological changes and sensory characteristics in individuals with ASD using brain image analysis and a sensory profile test. Forty-three adults with ASD and 84 adults with typical development underwent brain image analysis using FreeSurfer. The brain cortex was divided into 64 regions, and the cortical thickness and volume of the limbic system were calculated. The sensory characteristics of the participants were evaluated using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Correlation analysis was performed for cortical thickness, limbic area volume, and AASP scores. In the ASD group, there was a significant positive correlation between visual sensory sensitivity scores and the right lingual cortical thickness (r = 0.500). There were also significant negative correlations between visual sensation avoiding scores and the right lateral orbitofrontal cortical thickness (r = −0.513), taste/smell sensation avoiding scores and the right hippocampal volume (r = −0.510), and taste/smell sensation avoiding scores and the left hippocampal volume (r = −0.540). The study identified associations among the lingual cortical thickness, lateral orbitofrontal cortical thickness, and hippocampal volume and sensory characteristics. These findings suggest that brain morphological changes may trigger sensory symptoms in adults with ASD.

scholarly journals Sensory Overresponsivity, Loneliness, and Anxiety in Taiwanese Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Cing Syu ◽  
Ling-Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. Sensory overresponsiveness is highly prevalent in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically persist into adulthood. However, the role of sensory processing difficulties in influencing emotional well-being among adults with ASD remains unclear. Additionally, the associations between sensory overresponsiveness, anxiety, and loneliness are yet to be examined among adults with ASD. Therefore, to address these critical gaps in the literature, we aimed to investigate the relationships among sensory avoiding, anxiety, and loneliness in a sample of adults with ASD. Participants. Seventy adults (age, 20–39 years) completed three self-reported measures. All participants had a documented diagnosis of ASD and had normal IQ. Methods. Sensory processing, loneliness, and anxiety were assessed with the Adult Sensory Profile, short-form UCLA loneliness scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Results. Autism spectrum traits and sensory avoiding were associated with anxiety and loneliness. Participants who experienced sensory avoiding more frequently reported higher anxiety and feelings of loneliness, with loneliness mediating the relationship between sensory avoiding and anxiety. More anxiety symptoms in participants with greater sensory avoiding were associated with their higher level of loneliness. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the relationships existed between sensory processing difficulties, loneliness, and anxiety among adults with ASD. Interventions regarding sensory processing difficulties and emotional well-being are substantial need for adults with ASD, and our results highlight the importance of sensory overresponsiveness and anxiety in evaluating and improving the psychological well-being of adults with ASD.

scholarly journals Sensory Processing and Aggressive Behavior in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Frank van den Boogert ◽  
Bram Sizoo ◽  
Pascalle Spaan ◽  
Sharon Tolstra ◽  
Yvonne H. A. Bouman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Adults With Asd

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be accompanied by aggressive behavior and is associated with sensory processing difficulties. The present study aims to investigate the direct association between sensory processing and aggressive behavior in adults with ASD. A total of 101 Dutch adult participants with ASD, treated in outpatient or inpatient facilities, completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and the Aggression Questionnaire—Short Form (AQ-SF). Results revealed that sensory processing difficulties are associated with more aggressive behavior (f2=0.25), more proactive (f2=0.19) and reactive aggression (f2=0.27), more physical (f2=0.08) and verbal aggression (f2=0.13), and more anger (f2=0.20) and hostility (f2=0.12). Evidence was found for an interaction of the neurological threshold and behavioral response on total aggression and hostility. Participants with higher scores in comparison to the norm group in sensory sensitivity had the highest risk of aggressive behavior. In conclusion, clinical practice may benefit from applying detailed diagnostics on sensory processing difficulties when treating aggressive behavior in adults with ASD.

Comparing psychopathology rates across autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Matthews ◽  
Elliot Bell ◽  
Brigit Mirfin-Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the rates and patterns of comorbid anxiety, depression and ADHD across people with: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) plus intellectual disability (ID), ASD/no ID (AS/HFA) and ID only. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained using structured file review and two psychometric screening instruments. File reviews used a modified version of the Case Review Protocol from the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities. Screening employed the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviour and the ASD-Comorbidity-Adults scale. Findings Levels of anxiety, depression and ADHD were high for all three groups, and greater than in general population studies. Between groups, the AS/HFA sample had significantly higher anxiety, while the ASD/ID group had significantly greater ADHD. Groups did not differ on measures of depression or total psychopathology. Levels of ADHD, but not anxiety or depression, increased with severity of ID and ASD symptoms. Research limitations/implications More research is needed on the relationship between ASD and both anxiety and ADHD, particularly the identification of these comorbid conditions and their treatment. Practical implications Rigorous screening for comorbid mental health conditions is required to achieve the best outcomes for adults with ASD. Originality/value The study used a broader community-based sample than previous comorbidity research. Including adults with ID but without ASD enabled a comparison of types and rates of disorder across three distinct but related groups with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Narrative Skills in Young Adults With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Rosenthal Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd

In this study, the author investigated narrative performances of 10 high-functioning young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) across personal and storybook narratives. Narratives were elicited with genre-specific procedures and then transcribed and scored using the narrative scoring scheme (NSS). One-tailed paired-sample t tests were conducted on four variables, for which the standard mean difference between the genres (NSS Total Score, Introduction, Conclusion, and Mental States) was large. To avoid inflating Type I error, an alpha of .012 was set. Results indicated that, on average, high-functioning adults with ASD had poorer quality personal narratives for NSS Total Score, Mental States, and Conclusion. This suggests that many high-functioning adults with ASD have difficulty in expressing how they feel and often neglect to conclude and make sense of their experiences in a social context. Telling personal narratives is an important skill for high-functioning adults with ASD because narratives support social interaction and relationships.

A study of the neuropsychological correlates in adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronna Fried ◽  
Gagan Joshi ◽  
Pradeep Bhide ◽  
Amanda Pope ◽  
Maribel Galdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sight Words ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Correlates ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd

ObjectiveTo examine the unique neuropsychological presentation in adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorders (HF-ASD) by comparison with adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsAdults with ASD referred to a specialty clinic (n=26) were compared to two non-ASD groups with (n=52) and without (n=52) ADHD of similar age and sex.ResultsNo differences in IQ were found. Subjects with HF-ASD were significantly more impaired than both comparison groups in processing speed, cognitive flexibility and sight words. Subjects with HF-ASD were more impaired than controls in working memory, but not the ADHD group.ConclusionThese findings suggest that there may be specific neuropsychological correlates of HF-ASD differing from ADHD that could have significant implications for identifying individuals at risk for ASD.

scholarly journals Sex-different abnormalities in the right second to fourth digit ratio in Japanese individuals with autism spectrum disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Masuya ◽  
Yuko Okamoto ◽  
Keisuke Inohara ◽  
Yukiko Matsumura ◽  
Toru Fujioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Dissociating proprioceptive deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Intact acuity but impaired sensory integration in postural control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Doumas ◽  
Rebekah Knox ◽  
Cara O’Brien ◽  
Chesney E. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Adults With Asd

AbstractWe investigated the presence of proprioceptive deficits in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), by assessing peripheral proprioceptive information (or proprioceptive acuity) as well as integration of proprioceptive information in the context of postural control. We hypothesized that proprioceptive acuity would be intact but that integration during a postural control task would be impaired. Sixteen adults with ASD and sixteen Neurotypical (NT) adults were screened using an IQ test and the adolescent-adult sensory profile. Proprioceptive acuity was assessed using an ankle Joint Position Sense (JPS) task and integration of proprioceptive information was assessed using a postural adaptation task. This task comprised standing upright, without vision in three phases: standing on a fixed surface for 2 minutes (baseline), followed by standing on a surface tilting in proportion to participants’ body sway, or support-surface sway reference for 3 minutes (adaptation) and finally standing on the restored fixed surface for 3 minutes (reintegration). Results showed no group differences in proprioceptive acuity and in the baseline phase, but greater postural sway during adaptation in individuals with ASD compared with NT controls. Specifically, group differences were not present in the first 30s of adaptation, but emerged after the second window suggesting a deficit in sensory integration of proprioception in adults with ASD. Our results suggest that peripheral proprioceptive information is intact in ASD but neural sensory integration of proprioception is impaired in this group.

scholarly journals Empirical evaluation of the association between daily living skills of adults with autism and parental caregiver burden

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244844
Author(s):  
Christina N. Marsack-Topolewski ◽  
Preethy Sarah Samuel ◽  
Wassim Tarraf
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd

Background Despite the joy of parenting, the burden of daily caregiving for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be overwhelming and constant. Parents can expect to provide enduring care for their children with ASD. Given that the majority of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remain in their family homes well into adulthood, often the need for assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) is placed on parents. Providing ongoing support to adult children who have difficulty with completing ADLs can increase parental caregiving demands. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability of adults with ASD to perform ADLs with parental perceptions of caregiver burden. Methods Quantitative analysis of cross-sectional multi-state data gathered electronically using Qualtrics from 320 aging parents of adults with ASD was conducted. Regression models were fit to examine the association of ADL challenges with total caregiver burden and its four domains (emotional, financial, time dependence, and developmental). Results Parental perceptions of caregiver burden decreased, particularly time dependence and developmental burden, when adult children were less dependent in ADLs, even after adjusting for parental health and behavioral challenges. Conclusions Findings support the need for family-centered interventions to improve the capacity of adults with ASD to perform ADLs independently.

scholarly journals Atypical Sensory Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Morimoto ◽  
Akira Imamura ◽  
Naoki Yamamoto ◽  
Shinji Kanegae ◽  
Hiroki Ozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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