scholarly journals Imbalance between default mode and sensorimotor connectivity is associated with perseverative thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Stern ◽  
Goi Khia Eng ◽  
Alessandro S. De Nadai ◽  
Dan V. Iosifescu ◽  
Russell H. Tobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Local Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Global Connectivity ◽  
Perseverative Thinking

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly heterogeneous. Although perseverative negative thinking (PT) is a feature of OCD, little is known about its neural mechanisms or relationship to clinical heterogeneity in the disorder. In a sample of 85 OCD patients, we investigated the relationships between self-reported PT, clinical symptom subtypes, and resting-state functional connectivity measures of local and global connectivity. Results indicated that PT scores were highly variable within the OCD sample, with greater PT relating to higher severity of the “unacceptable thoughts” symptom dimension. PT was positively related to local connectivity in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), pregenual ACC, and the temporal poles—areas that are part of, or closely linked to, the default mode network (DMN)—and negatively related to local connectivity in sensorimotor cortex. While the majority of patients showed higher local connectivity strengths in sensorimotor compared to DMN regions, OCD patients with higher PT scores had less of an imbalance between sensorimotor and DMN connectivity than those with lower PT scores, with healthy controls exhibiting an intermediate pattern. Clinically, this imbalance was related to both the “unacceptable thoughts” and “symmetry/not-just-right-experiences” symptom dimensions, but in opposite directions. These effects remained significant after accounting for variance related to psychiatric comorbidity and medication use in the OCD sample, and no significant relationships were found between PT and global connectivity. These data indicate that PT is related to symptom and neural variability in OCD. Future work may wish to target this circuity when developing personalized interventions for patients with these symptoms.

Patterns of Neural Response to Emotive Stimuli Distinguish the Different Symptom Dimensions of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Related Material ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

ABSTRACTDespite its heterogeneous symptomatology, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is currently conceptualized as a unitary diagnostic entity. Recent factor-analytic studies have identified several OCD symptom dimensions that are associated with different demographic variables, comorbidity, patterns of genetic transmission, and treatment response. Functional abnormalities in neural systems important for emotion perception, including the orbitofrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and limbic regions, have been reported in OCD. In this review, we discuss the extent to which neurobiological markers may distinguish these different symptom dimensions and whether specific symptom dimensions, such as contamination/washing, are associated with abnormalities in emotion and, in particular, disgust, perception in OCD. Also discussed are findings that indicate that anxiety can be induced in healthy volunteers in response to OCD symptom-related material, and that associated increases in activity within neural systems important for emotion perception occur to washing- and hoarding-related material in particular in these subjects. Further examination of neural responses during provocation of different symptom dimensions in OCD patients will help determine the extent to which specific abnormalities in neural systems underlying emotion perception are associated with different symptom dimensions and predict treatment response in OCD.

scholarly journals Default mode network subsystem alterations in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan C. Beucke ◽  
Jorge Sepulcre ◽  
Mark C. Eldaief ◽  
Miriam Sebold ◽  
Norbert Kathmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time History ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundAlthough neurobiological models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) traditionally emphasise the central role of corticostriatal brain regions, studies of default mode network integrity have garnered increasing interest, but have produced conflicting results.AimsTo resolve these discrepant findings by examining the integrity of default mode network subsystems in OCD.MethodComparison of seed-based resting-state functional connectivity of 11 default mode network components between 46 patients with OCD and 46 controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsSignificantly reduced connectivity within the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex self subsystem was identified in the OCD group, and remained significant after controlling for medication status and life-time history of affective disorders. Further, greater connectivity between the self subsystem and salience and attention networks was observed.ConclusionsResults indicate that people with OCD show abnormalities in a neural system previously associated with self-referential processing in healthy individuals, and suggest the need for examination of dynamic interactions between this default mode network subsystem and other large-scale networks in this disorder.

scholarly journals Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundSpecific cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are hypothesised to mediate the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but structural neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent.AimsTo conduct a meta-analysis of published and unpublished voxel-based morphometry studies in OCD.MethodTwelve data-sets comprising 401 people with OCD and 376 healthy controls met inclusion criteria. A new improved voxel-based meta-analytic method, signed differential mapping (SDM), was developed to examine regions of increased and decreased grey matter volume in the OCD group v. control group.ResultsNo between-group differences were found in global grey matter volumes. People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri. A descriptive analysis of quartiles, a sensitivity analysis as well as analyses of subgroups further confirmed these findings. Meta-regression analyses showed that studies that included individuals with more severe OCD were significantly more likely to report increased grey matter volumes in the basal ganglia. No effect of current antidepressant treatment was observed.ConclusionsThe results support a dorsal prefrontal–striatal model of the disorder and raise the question of whether functional alterations in other brain regions commonly associated with OCD, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, may reflect secondary compensatory strategies. Whether the reported differences between participants with OCD and controls precede the onset of the symptoms and whether they are specific to OCD remains to be established.

Hoarding symptoms and prediction of poor response to limbic system surgery for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre F. Gentil ◽  
Antonio C. Lopes ◽  
Darin D. Dougherty ◽  
Christian Rück ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Refractory

Object Recent findings have suggested a correlation between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptom dimensions and clinical outcome after limbic system surgery for treatment-refractory patients. Based on previous evidence that the hoarding dimension is associated with worse outcome in conventional treatments, and may have a neural substrate distinct from OCD, the authors examined a large sample of patients undergoing limbic surgery (40 with capsulotomy, 37 with cingulotomy) and investigated if symptom dimensions, in particular hoarding, could influence treatment outcome. Methods Data from 77 patients from 3 different research centers at São Paulo (n = 17), Boston (n = 37), and Stockholm (n = 23) were analyzed. Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS; São Paulo) or Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist scores (Boston and Stockholm) were used to code the presence of 4 well-established symptom dimensions: forbidden thoughts, contamination/cleaning, symmetry/order, and hoarding. Reductions in YBOCS scores determined clinical outcome. Results Mean Y-BOCS scores decreased 34.2% after surgery (95% CI 27.2%–41.3%), with a mean follow-up of 68.1 months. Patients with hoarding symptoms had a worse response to treatment (mean Y-BOCS decrease of 22.7% ± 25.9% vs 41.6% ± 32.2%, respectively; p = 0.006), with no significant effect of surgical modality (capsulotomy vs cingulotomy). Patients with forbidden thoughts apparently also had a worse response to treatment, but this effect was dependent upon the co-occurrence of the hoarding dimension. Only the negative influence of the hoarding dimension remained when an ANOVA model was performed, which also controlled for preoperative symptom severity. Conclusions The presence of hoarding symptoms prior to surgery was associated with worse clinical outcome after the interventions. Patients with OCD under consideration for ablative surgery should be carefully screened for hoarding symptoms or comorbid hoarding disorder. For these patients, the potentially reduced benefits of surgery need to be carefully considered against potential risks.

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