scholarly journals A fiber-deprived diet disturbs the fine-scale spatial architecture of the murine colon microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Riva ◽  
Orest Kuzyk ◽  
Erica Forsberg ◽  
Gary Siuzdak ◽  
Carina Pfann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Spatial Structuring ◽  
Laser Capture ◽  
Spatial Architecture ◽  
Murine Colon

Abstract Compartmentalization of the gut microbiota is thought to be important to system function, but the extent of spatial organization in the gut ecosystem remains poorly understood. Here, we profile the murine colonic microbiota along longitudinal and lateral axes using laser capture microdissection. We found fine-scale spatial structuring of the microbiota marked by gradients in composition and diversity along the length of the colon. Privation of fiber reduces the diversity of the microbiota and disrupts longitudinal and lateral gradients in microbiota composition. Both mucus-adjacent and luminal communities are influenced by the absence of dietary fiber, with the loss of a characteristic distal colon microbiota and a reduction in the mucosa-adjacent community, concomitant with depletion of the mucus layer. These results indicate that diet has not only global but also local effects on the composition of the gut microbiota, which may affect function and resilience differently depending on location.

scholarly journals Quantitative Imaging of Gut Microbiota Spatial Organization

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Earle ◽  
Gabriel Billings ◽  
Michael Sigal ◽  
Joshua S. Lichtman ◽  
Gunnar C. Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Quantitative Imaging

scholarly journals Obesity-associated microbiota contributes to mucus layer defects in genetically obese mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (46) ◽  
pp. 15712-15726
Author(s):  
Bjoern O. Schroeder ◽  
George M. H. Birchenough ◽  
Meenakshi Pradhan ◽  
Elisabeth E. L. Nyström ◽  
Marcus Henricsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Intestinal Mucus

The intestinal mucus layer is a physical barrier separating the tremendous number of gut bacteria from the host epithelium. Defects in the mucus layer have been linked to metabolic diseases, but previous studies predominantly investigated mucus function during high-caloric/low-fiber dietary interventions, thus making it difficult to separate effects mediated directly through diet quality from potential obesity-dependent effects. As such, we decided to examine mucus function in mouse models with metabolic disease to distinguish these factors. Here we show that, in contrast to their lean littermates, genetically obese (ob/ob) mice have a defective inner colonic mucus layer that is characterized by increased penetrability and a reduced mucus growth rate. Exploiting the coprophagic behavior of mice, we next co-housed ob/ob and lean mice to investigate if the gut microbiota contributed to these phenotypes. Co-housing rescued the defect of the mucus growth rate, whereas mucus penetrability displayed an intermediate phenotype in both mouse groups. Of note, non-obese diabetic mice with high blood glucose levels displayed a healthy colonic mucus barrier, indicating that the mucus defect is obesity- rather than glucose-mediated. Thus, our data suggest that the gut microbiota community of obesity-prone mice may regulate obesity-associated defects in the colonic mucosal barrier, even in the presence of dietary fiber.

scholarly journals Fine scale spatial structuring of sex and mitochondria in Silene vulgaris

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. OLSON ◽  
A. V. GRAF ◽  
K. R. NILES
Keyword(s):  
Fine Scale ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Spatial Structuring

scholarly journals Fructans in the diet cause alterations of intestinal mucosal architecture, released mucins and mucosa-associated bifidobacteria in gnotobiotic rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Kleessen ◽  
Ludger Hartmann ◽  
Michael Blaut
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Distal Jejunum

The effects of fructans in the diet on the mucosal morphometry (height of villi, depth of the crypts, number of goblet cells), the thickness of the epithelial mucus layer and the histochemical composition of intestinal mucosubstances in the distal jejunum and the distal colon were investigated by comparing germ-free (GF) rats, rats harbouringBacteroides vulgatusandBifidobacterium longum(diassociated (DA) rats), and rats with a human faecal flora (HFA). The rats were fed either a commercial standard diet (ST) or ST + (50 g oligofructose (OF)–long-chain inulin (lcIN))/kg. Changes in total bacteria, bifidobacteria andBacteroides–Prevotellain response to feeding these diets were investigated by fluorescentin situhybridization with 16S rRNA-targeted probes both in intestinal contents (lumen bacteria) and tissue sections (mucosa-associated bacteria). The OF–lcIN-containing diet resulted in higher villi and deeper crypts in bacteria-associated, but not in GF rats. In DA and HFA rats, the colonic epithelial mucus layer was thicker and the numbers of the goblet cells were greater than in GF rats. These effects were enhanced by the OF–lcIN-containing diet. In both dietary groups, bacterial colonization of GF rats caused an increase in neutral mucins in the distal jejunum and colon. Bacteria-associated rats had more acidic mucins in the colon than GF rats, and the OF–lcIN-containing diet stimulated sulfomucins as the predominant type of acidic mucins, while sialomucins dominated in the ST-fed groups. The number of mucosa-associated bifidobacteria detected in the colon of DA and HFA rats was greater with OF–lcIN than ST (4·9 and 5·4v. 3·5 and 4·0 log10/mm2mucosal surface respectively), whereas the number of luminal bifidobacteria was only affected by fructans in DA rats.Bacteroidesdid not differ between the groups. The stabilisation of the gut mucosal barrier, either by changes in the mucosal architecture itself, in released mucins or by stimulation of mucosal bifidobacteria with fructans, could become an important topic in the treatment and prophylaxis of gastrointestinal disorders and health maintenance.

scholarly journals Robust Acquisition of High Resolution Spatial Transcriptomes from Preserved Tissues with Immunofluorescence Based Laser Capture Microdissection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Zhang ◽  
Chuansheng Hu ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Capture Microdissection ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Dissociated Cells ◽  
Laser Capture

The functioning of tissues is fundamentally dependent upon not only the phenotypes of the constituent cells but also their spatial organization in the tissue. However, obtaining comprehensive transcriptomic data based on established phenotypes while retaining this spatial information has been challenging. Here we present a general and robust method based on immunofluorescence-guided laser capture microdissection (immuno-LCM-RNAseq) to enable acquisition of finely resolved spatial transcriptomes with as few as tens of cells from snap-frozen or RNAlater-treated tissues, overcoming the long-standing problem of significant RNA degradation during this lengthy process. The efficacy of this approach is exemplified by the characterization of differences at the transcript isoform level between cells at the tip versus the main capillary body of the mouse small intestine lacteal. With the extensive repertoire of phenotype-specific antibodies that are presently available, our method provides a powerful means by which spatially resolved cellular states can be delineated in situ with preserved tissues. Moreover, such high quality spatial transcriptomes defined by immuno-markers can be used to compare with clusters obtained from single-cell RNAseq studies of dissociated cells as well as applied to bead-based spatial transcriptomics approaches that require such information a priori for cell identification.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Gut Bacteria-Mucus Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Juge
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Special Issue

The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract plays a critical role in maintaining a homeostatic relationship with our gut microbiota. [...]

136 - Impact of Epithelial Barrier Disruption on Mucus Layer and GUT Microbiota in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. S-37
Author(s):  
Valerie Bacquie ◽  
Maiwenn Olier ◽  
Catherine Robbe-Masselot ◽  
Sandrine Ellero-Simatos ◽  
Orsolya Inczefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Barrier Disruption

scholarly journals Kinship, inbreeding and fine-scale spatial structure influence gut microbiota in a hindgut-fermenting tortoise

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Yuan ◽  
Samantha H. Dean ◽  
Ana V. Longo ◽  
Betsie B. Rothermel ◽  
Tracey D. Tuberville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Fine Scale

scholarly journals Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. I. Gastrointestinal mucus layers have different properties depending on location as well as over the Peyer's patches

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. G341-G347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ermund ◽  
André Schütte ◽  
Malin E. V. Johansson ◽  
Jenny K. Gustafsson ◽  
Gunnar C. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Small Intestinal

Colon has been shown to have a two-layered mucus system where the inner layer is devoid of bacteria. However, a complete overview of the mouse gastrointestinal mucus system is lacking. We now characterize mucus release, thickness, growth over time, adhesive properties, and penetrability to fluorescent beads from stomach to distal colon. Colon displayed spontaneous mucus release and all regions released mucus in response to carbachol and PGE2, except the distal colon and domes of Peyer's patches. Stomach and colon had an inner mucus layer that was adherent to the epithelium. In contrast, the small intestine and Peyer's patches had a single mucus layer that was easily aspirated. The inner mucus layer of the distal colon was not penetrable to beads the size of bacteria and the inner layer of the proximal colon was only partly penetrable. In contrast, the inner mucus layer of stomach was fully penetrable, as was the small intestinal mucus. This suggests a functional organization of the intestinal mucus system, where the small intestine has loose and penetrable mucus that may allow easy penetration of nutrients, in contrast to the stomach, where the mucus provides physical protection, and the colon, where the mucus separates bacteria from the epithelium. This knowledge of the mucus system and its organization improves our understanding of the gastrointestinal tract physiology.

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