Robust all-optical single-shot readout of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

AbstractHigh-fidelity projective readout of a qubit’s state in a single experimental repetition is a prerequisite for various quantum protocols of sensing and computing. Achieving single-shot readout is challenging for solid-state qubits. For Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, it has been realized using nuclear memories or resonant excitation at cryogenic temperature. All of these existing approaches have stringent experimental demands. In particular, they require a high efficiency of photon collection, such as immersion optics or all-diamond micro-optics. For some of the most relevant applications, such as shallow implanted NV centers in a cryogenic environment, these tools are unavailable. Here we demonstrate an all-optical spin readout scheme that achieves single-shot fidelity even if photon collection is poor (delivering less than 103 clicks/second). The scheme is based on spin-dependent resonant excitation at cryogenic temperature combined with spin-to-charge conversion, mapping the fragile electron spin states to the stable charge states. We prove this technique to work on shallow implanted NV centers, as they are required for sensing and scalable NV-based quantum registers.

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Resonant Excitation and Purcell Enhancement of Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Coupled to a Fabry-Perot Microcavity

Physical Review Applied ◽

10.1103/physrevapplied.15.024049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. Ruf ◽

M.J. Weaver ◽

S.B. van Dam ◽

R. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Resonant Excitation ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Fabry Perot ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers

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Investigation of evaporation of sessile droplets using luminescent nano-probes and other applications of NV centers in diamond

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201819002008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 02008

Author(s):

Taras Plakhotnik ◽

Haroon Aman

Keyword(s):

Fluid Mechanics ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Model System ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Dynamic Processes ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers ◽

Nv Centers

The paper describes application of diamond nano crystals to research on dynamic processes in small (less than 1 mm across) evaporating droplets deposited on a solid substrate. Such droplets are used as a model system for testing proposed bio applications of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. We demonstrate that a high spatial resolution of our methods reveals unexpected features of the evaporation and fluid mechanics in such droplets.

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Ensemble Negatively-Charged Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Type-Ib Diamond Created by High Fluence Electron Beam Irradiation

Quantum Beam Science ◽

10.3390/qubs6010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Shuya Ishii ◽

Seiichi Saiki ◽

Shinobu Onoda ◽

Yuta Masuyama ◽

Hiroshi Abe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Beam Irradiation ◽

Good Method ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Beam Irradiation ◽

High Concentration ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers ◽

The Creation ◽

Nv Centers

Electron beam irradiation into type-Ib diamond is known as a good method for the creation of high concentration negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers by which highly sensitive quantum sensors can be fabricated. In order to understand the creation mechanism of NV− centers, we study the behavior of substitutional isolated nitrogen (P1 centers) and NV− centers in type-Ib diamond, with an initial P1 concentration of 40–80 ppm by electron beam irradiation up to 8.0 × 1018 electrons/cm2. P1 concentration and NV− concentration were measured using electron spin resonance and photoluminescence measurements. P1 center count decreases with increasing irradiation fluence up to 8.0 × 1018 electrons/cm2. The rate of decrease in P1 is slightly lower at irradiation fluence above 4.0 × 1018 electrons/cm2 especially for samples of low initial P1 concentration. Comparing concentration of P1 centers with that of NV− centers, it suggests that a part of P1 centers plays a role in the formation of other defects. The usefulness of electron beam irradiation to type-Ib diamonds was confirmed by the resultant conversion efficiency from P1 to NV− center around 12–19%.

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Characterization of the angular-dependent emission of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond

Applied Physics B ◽

10.1007/s00340-020-07508-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 126 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Justus Christinck ◽

Beatrice Rodiek ◽

Marco López ◽

Helmuth Hofer ◽

Hristina Georgieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Photon ◽

Collection Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Polarization Angle ◽

Single Photon Emitters ◽

Linearly Polarized ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers ◽

Excitation Laser ◽

Nv Centers

Abstract We report on the characterization of the angular-dependent emission of single-photon emitters based on single nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centers in nanodiamond at room temperature. A theoretical model for the calculation of the angular emission patterns of such an NV-center at a dielectric interface will be presented. For the first time, the orientation of the NV-centers in nanodiamond was determined from back focal plane images of NV-centers and by comparison of the theoretical and experimental angular emission pattern. Furthermore, the orientation of the NV-centers was also obtained from measurements of the fluorescence intensity in dependence on the polarization angle of the linearly polarized excitation laser. The results of these measurements are in good agreement. Moreover, the collection efficiency in this setup was calculated to be higher than 80% using the model of the angular emission of the NV-centers.

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Battery Characterization via Eddy-Current Imaging with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3069

Author(s):

Xue Zhang ◽

Georgios Chatzidrosos ◽

Yinan Hu ◽

Huijie Zheng ◽

Arne Wickenbrock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Eddy Current ◽

Modulation Frequency ◽

Magnetic Sensors ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Noninvasive Detection ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers ◽

Solid State Batteries ◽

Diagnostic Technologies ◽

Nv Centers

Sensitive and accurate diagnostic technologies with magnetic sensors are of great importance for identifying and localizing defects of rechargeable solid batteries using noninvasive detection. We demonstrate a microwave-free alternating current (AC) magnetometry method with negatively charged NV centers in diamond based on a cross-relaxation feature between nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and individual substitutional nitrogen (P1) centers occurring at 51.2 mT. We apply the technique to non-destructively image solid-state batteries. By detecting the eddy-current-induced magnetic field of the battery, we distinguish a defect on the external electrode and identify structural anomalies within the battery body. The achieved spatial resolution is μμμ360μm. The maximum magnetic field and phase shift generated by the battery at the modulation frequency of 5 kHz are estimated as 0.04 mT and 0.03 rad respectively.

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Novel Magnetic-Sensing Modalities with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond*

10.5772/intechopen.95267 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Zheng ◽

Arne Wickenbrock ◽

Georgios Chatzidrosos ◽

Lykourgos Bougas ◽

Nathan Leefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Quantum Coherence ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Magnetic Sensing ◽

Weak Magnetic Fields ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers ◽

Magnetic Sensitivity ◽

Nv Centers

In modern-day quantum metrology, quantum sensors are widely employed to detect weak magnetic fields or nanoscale signals. Quantum devices, exploiting quantum coherence, are inevitably connected to physical constants and can achieve accuracy, repeatability, and precision approaching fundamental limits. As a result, these sensors have shown utility in a wide range of research domains spanning both science and technology. A rapidly emerging quantum sensing platform employs atomic-scale defects in crystals. In particular, magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond has garnered increasing interest. NV systems possess a combination of remarkable properties, optical addressability, long coherence times, and biocompatibility. Sensors based on NV centers excel in spatial resolution and magnetic sensitivity. These diamond-based sensors promise comparable combination of high spatial resolution and magnetic sensitivity without cryogenic operation. The above properties of NV magnetometers promise increasingly integrated quantum measurement technology, as a result, they have been extensively developed with various protocols and find use in numerous applications spanning materials characterization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), condensed matter physics, paleomagnetism, neuroscience and living systems biology, and industrial vector magnetometry. In this chapter, NV centers are explored for magnetic sensing in a number of contexts. In general, we introduce novel regimes for magnetic-field probes with NV ensembles. Specifically, NV centers are developed for sensitive magnetometers for applications where microwaves (MWs) are prohibitively invasive and operations need to be carried out under zero ambient magnetic field. The primary goal of our discussion is to improve the utility of these NV center-based magnetometers.

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