scholarly journals Genetic influences on hub connectivity of the human connectome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurina Arnatkeviciute ◽  
Ben D. Fulcher ◽  
Stuart Oldham ◽  
Jeggan Tiego ◽  
Casey Paquola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Connectivity Strength

AbstractBrain network hubs are both highly connected and highly inter-connected, forming a critical communication backbone for coherent neural dynamics. The mechanisms driving this organization are poorly understood. Using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in twins, we identify a major role for genes, showing that they preferentially influence connectivity strength between network hubs of the human connectome. Using transcriptomic atlas data, we show that connected hubs demonstrate tight coupling of transcriptional activity related to metabolic and cytoarchitectonic similarity. Finally, comparing over thirteen generative models of network growth, we show that purely stochastic processes cannot explain the precise wiring patterns of hubs, and that model performance can be improved by incorporating genetic constraints. Our findings indicate that genes play a strong and preferential role in shaping the functionally valuable, metabolically costly connections between connectome hubs.

scholarly journals Genetic influences on hub connectivity of the human connectome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė ◽  
Ben D. Fulcher ◽  
Stuart Oldham ◽  
Jeggan Tiego ◽  
Casey Paquola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Dna Variants ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Connectivity Strength

Brain network hubs are both highly connected and highly inter-connected, forming a critical communication backbone for coherent neural dynamics. The mechanisms driving this organization are poorly understood. Using diffusion-weighted imaging in twins, we identify a major role for genes in shaping hub connectivity of the human connectome, showing that genes preferentially influence connectivity strength between network hubs. In two independent samples, we show that DNA variants preferentially related to hub connectivity are expression quantitative trait loci for genes that overlap with those implicated in intelligence, schizophrenia, and metabolism. Using transcriptomic atlas data, we show that connected hubs demonstrate tight coupling of transcriptional activity related to metabolic and cytoarchitectonic similarity. Finally, comparing thirteen generative models of network growth, we show that stochastic processes cannot explain the spatial distribution, and thus the precise wiring pattern, of hub connectivity. Together, our findings indicate that genetic influences on brain connectivity are not uniformly distributed throughout the brain, but are instead concentrated on the functionally valuable, metabolically costly connections between connectome hubs.

scholarly journals Assessment of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Razek ◽  
El-hadidy Mohamed El-Hadidy ◽  
Mohamed El-Said Moawad ◽  
Nader El-Metwaly ◽  
Amr Abd El-hamid El-Said
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thyroid Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lacrimal Glands ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fluorine-mediated synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide nanostructures for efficient T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Yiding Liu ◽  
Chunyu Zhou ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Xun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanostructures

Herein, we developed a novel strategy for the shape-controlled synthesis of fluorine-doped iron oxide nanostructures with superior r2 values through the introduction of fluoride ions as a morphology controlling agent...

Biomineralized iron oxide–polydopamine hybrid nanodots for contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal tumor ablation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1781-1786
Author(s):  
Ze’ai Wang ◽  
Yanfeng Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Chaogang Wei ◽  
Yibin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Tumor Ablation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Biomineralized iron oxide–polydopamine hybrid nanodots are constructed using albumin nanoreactors to facilitate contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as well as photothermal therapeutic efficacy.

scholarly journals Identifying a Common Functional Framework for Apathy Large-Scale Brain Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Mariachiara Longarzo ◽  
Giulia Mele ◽  
Marcello Esposito ◽  
Marco Aiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Disease Specific

Apathy is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by reduced motivation, initiative, and interest in daily life activities, and it is commonly reported in several neurodegenerative disorders. The study aims to investigate large-scale brain networks involved in apathy syndrome in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to a group of healthy controls (HC). The study sample includes a total of 60 subjects: 20 apathetic FTD and PD patients, 20 non apathetic FTD and PD patients, and 20 HC matched for age. Two disease-specific apathy-evaluation scales were used to measure the presence of apathy in FTD and PD patients; in the same day, a 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with structural and resting-state functional (fMRI) sequences was acquired. Differences in functional connectivity (FC) were assessed between apathetic and non-apathetic patients with and without primary clinical diagnosis revealed, using a whole-brain, seed-to-seed approach. A significant hypoconnectivity between apathetic patients (both FTD and PD) and HC was detected between left planum polare and both right pre- or post-central gyrus. Finally, to investigate whether such neural alterations were due to the underlying neurodegenerative pathology, we replicated the analysis by considering two independent patients’ samples (i.e., non-apathetic PD and FTD). In these groups, functional differences were no longer detected. These alterations may subtend the involvement of neural pathways implicated in a specific reduction of information/elaboration processing and motor outcome in apathetic patients.

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