scholarly journals CO2, nitrogen deposition and a discontinuous climate response drive water use efficiency in global forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Adams ◽  
Thomas N. Buckley ◽  
Dan Binkley ◽  
Mathias Neumann ◽  
Tarryn L. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Streamflow Extremes

AbstractReduced stomatal conductance is a common plant response to rising atmospheric CO2 and increases water use efficiency (W). At the leaf-scale, W depends on water and nitrogen availability in addition to atmospheric CO2. In hydroclimate models W is a key driver of rainfall, droughts, and streamflow extremes. We used global climate data to derive Aridity Indices (AI) for forests over the period 1965–2015 and synthesised those with data for nitrogen deposition and W derived from stable isotopes in tree rings. AI and atmospheric CO2 account for most of the variance in W of trees across the globe, while cumulative nitrogen deposition has a significant effect only in regions without strong legacies of atmospheric pollution. The relation of aridity and W displays a clear discontinuity. W and AI are strongly related below a threshold value of AI ≈ 1 but are not related where AI > 1. Tree ring data emphasise that effective demarcation of water-limited from non-water-limited behaviour of stomata is critical to improving hydrological models that operate at regional to global scales.

Effects of climate change on tree water use efficiency, nitrogen availability and growth in boreal forest of northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 3607-3614
Author(s):  
Amal Succarie ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Tengjiao Liu ◽  
Xiting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals 20th-century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: Tree-ring based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin M. Keller ◽  
Sebastian Lienert ◽  
Anil Bozbiyik ◽  
Thomas F. Stocker ◽  
Olga V. Churakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Isotopic Discrimination ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO2 and climate, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (ci / ca) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the LPX-Bern dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ13C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of seventy-six tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggest on average small 20th-century changes in isotopic discrimination and an increase in iWUE of about 27 % since 1900. LPX-Bern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO2. The results suggest that the down-regulation of ci / ca and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or there may be more fundamental problems associated with the prescribed relationship between conductance and assimilation.

Effects of soil water and nitrogen availability on photosynthesis and water use efficiency of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiping Liu ◽  
Yangyang Fan ◽  
Junxia Long ◽  
Ruifeng Wei ◽  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water-use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Guerrieri ◽  
Elena Vanguelova ◽  
Rona Pitman ◽  
Sue Benham ◽  
Michael Perks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Land‐use legacies influence tree water‐use efficiency and nitrogen availability in recently established European forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Guerrieri ◽  
Marta Correia ◽  
Irene Martín‐Forés ◽  
Raquel Alfaro‐Sánchez ◽  
Joan Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
European Forests ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Land Use Legacies

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought-tolerant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in autumn and spring planting under semi-arid rainfed conditions

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rao Muhammad Samran Gul ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Saeed Rauf ◽  
Hassan Munir ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Parental Lines

Global climate change is posing threats for sustainable crop production. Supra-optimal temperature and water stress are among few causes of global climate change which can cause significant damage to yield in various crop species including sunflower. Therefore, a study was initiated to develop new sunflower hybrids which may have higher seed yield and water use efficiency in current scenario of global climate change. Parental inbred lines were selected on the basis of cell membrane injury and cuticular waxes; these parental lines were used to develop various cross combinations. These cross combinations were evaluated at two locations and seasons. Some newly developed hybrids (H7, H8, H9) showed lesser days to flowering, high water use efficiency, high or comparable yield, kernel to seed% and oil contents% than high yielding commercial check Hysun.33. Water use efficiency (WUE) showed significant and high correlation with seed yield in both seasons. WUE decreased in spring season when compared with the autumn season due to high evapo-transpirational losses. General combining ability analyses showed that parental lines i.e. C.249 and RH.344 were the best combiners for water use efficiency and seed yield and may be exploited for the commercial development of drought resistant hybrids.

Impact of Climate change on tropical terrestrial water use efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Kumari ◽  
Mark A Adams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Variability in precipitation and temperature are key markers of climate change. Extreme events like heat waves, droughts, frosts, wind storms, flooding rains and fires greatly affect ecosystem and terrestrial carbon balance. Tropical regions in particular make strong contributions to the global carbon cycle and are the focus of our research. Our initial analysis confirmed the long-known pattern of large variability in rainfall in the tropical southern hemisphere (i.e. between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator) w.r.t. the north, with less variation in temperature between the hemispheres. In the follow-up analysis, we focus on exchanges of carbon and water and water use efficiency, based on 39 eddy covariance flux sites which represent 25 years of data across the tropics. Our working hypothesis is that long-term increases in temperature and significant changes (+/-) in rainfall will be reflected in changes in water use efficiency and cropping period, albeit with greater spatial and temporal variation in the south than in the north. We are also investigating relationships between water use efficiency of tropical regions calculated using eddy covariance flux data, with that calculated using tree ring data. We seek to combine methodologies that can help drive our understanding of the impact of climate change on water use efficiency of tropical regions.</p><p><strong><span>Keywords: </span></strong><span>Eddy covariance, Tropics, Water use efficiency, Carbon cycle, Tree ring data</span></p>

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