scholarly journals Adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin H7 vaccine to highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) elicits high and sustained antibody responses in healthy adults

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Oshansky ◽  
◽  
James King ◽  
Di Lu ◽  
James Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Seroprotection Rate ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Epidemic Wave

AbstractAn unprecedented number of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) in the fifth epidemic wave during the winter of 2016–2017 in China and their antigenic divergence from the viruses that emerged in 2013 prompted development of updated vaccines for pandemic preparedness. We report on the findings of a clinical study in healthy adults designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of three dose levels of recombinant influenza vaccine derived from highly pathogenic A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (H7N9) virus adjuvanted with AS03 or MF59 oil-in water emulsions. Most of the six study groups meet the FDA CBER-specified vaccine licensure criterion of 70% seroprotection rate (SPR) for hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to the homologous virus. A substantial proportion of subjects show high cross-reactivity to antigenically distinct heterologous A(H7N9) viruses from the first epidemic wave of 2013. These results provide critical information to develop a pandemic response strategy and support regulatory requirements for vaccination under Emergency Use Authorization.

scholarly journals Biological characterisation of the emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H7N9) viruses in humans, in mainland China, 2016 to 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfei Zhu ◽  
Jianfang Zhou ◽  
Zi Li ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Xiyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Binding Preference ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Epidemic Wave

With no or low virulence in poultry, avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused severe infections in humans. In the current fifth epidemic wave, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus emerged. The insertion of four amino acids (KRTA) at the haemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site enabled trypsin-independent infectivity of this virus. Although maintaining dual receptor-binding preference, its HA antigenicity was distinct from low-pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9). The neuraminidase substitution R292K conferred a multidrug resistance phenotype.

scholarly journals Preliminary Epidemiologic Assessment of Human Infections With Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Timothy M. Uyeki ◽  
Jianfeng He ◽  
Zhihong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Human Infections

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Associations and Molecular Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H7N9 Virus in China from 2017 to 2021

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2524
Author(s):  
Dongchang He ◽  
Min Gu ◽  
Xiyue Wang ◽  
Xiaoquan Wang ◽  
Gairu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The North ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
And Control

Highly pathogenic (HP) H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) emerged in China in 2016. HP H7N9 AIV caused at least 33 human infections and has been circulating in poultry farms continuously since wave 5. The genetic divergence, geographic patterns, and hemagglutinin adaptive and parallel molecular evolution of HP H7N9 AIV in China since 2017 are still unclear. Here, 10 new strains of HP H7N9 AIVs from October 2019 to April 2021 were sequenced. We found that HP H7N9 was primarily circulating in Northern China, particularly in the provinces surrounding the Bohai Sea (Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong) since wave 6. Of note, HP H7N9 AIV phylogenies exhibit a geographical structure compatible with high levels of local transmission after unidirectional rapid geographical expansion towards the north of China in 2017. In addition, we showed that two major subclades were continually expanding with the viral population size undergoing a sharp increase after 2018 with an obvious seasonal tendency. Notably, the hemagglutinin gene showed signs of parallel evolution and positive selection. Our research sheds light on the current epidemiology, evolution, and diversity of HP H7N9 AIV that can help prevent and control the spreading of HP H7N9 AIV.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Adjuvants in the Context of Intramuscular and Intranasal Routes on Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Induced by Detergent-Split A/H3N2 Influenza Vaccines in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Baz ◽  
Mukesh Samant ◽  
Hakima Zekki ◽  
Pascale Tribout-Jover ◽  
Martin Plante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Responses

ABSTRACTInfluenza A/H3N2 viruses have caused the most severe epidemics since 1968 despite current immunization programs with inactivated vaccines. We undertook a side-by-side preclinical evaluation of different adjuvants (Alum, AS03, and Protollin) and routes of administration (intramuscular [i.m.] and intranasal [i.n.]) for assessing their effect on the immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of inactivated split vaccines (A/H3N2/New York/55/2004). Humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses against the homologous virus and a heterologous drifted strain (A/H3N2/Wisconsin/67/2005) were measured in BALB/c mice at 2, 6, and 19 weeks postboost. The AS03- and Alum-adjuvanted i.m. vaccines induced at least an 8-fold increase over the nonadjuvanted vaccine in functional antibody titers against both the homotypic and heterotypic strains and low IgG2a and high IgG1 levels, suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 response with a Th2 trend. The Protollin-adjuvanted i.n. vaccine induced the lowest IgG1/IgG2a ratio, which is indicative of a mixed Th1/Th2-type profile with a Th1 trend. This adjuvanted vaccine was the only vaccine to stimulate a mucosal IgA response. Whatever the timing after the boost, both hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) titers were higher with the AS03-adjuvanted i.m. vaccine than with the protollin-adjuvanted i.n. vaccine. Finally, the Alum-adjuvanted i.m. vaccine and the lower-dose Protollin-adjuvanted i.n. vaccine elicited significantly higher CD4+Th1 and Th2 responses and more gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+T cells than the nonadjuvanted vaccine. Our data indicate that the adjuvanted vaccines tested in this study can elicit stronger, more persistent, and broader immune responses against A/H3N2 strains than nonadjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heterosubtypic cross-protection against highly pathogenic H5N1 by active infection with human seasonal influenza A virus or trivalent inactivated vaccine immunization in ferret models

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jin Park ◽  
Eun-Ha Kim ◽  
Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua ◽  
Hyeok-Il Kwon ◽  
Gyo-Jin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Hpai H5n1 ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses to cause the next pandemic remains a major concern. Here, we evaluated the cross-protection induced by natural infection of human seasonal influenza strains or immunization with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) against HPAI H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004) virus in ferrets. Groups were treated with PBS (group A), infected with H1N1 (group B) or H3N2 (group C) virus, or immunized with TIV (group D). Twelve weeks after the last treatment, serological assays revealed that groups B and C, but not group D, sustained moderate immunogenicity against homologous viruses; cross-reactivity against the H5N1 virus was not detected in any group. Following challenge with A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) virus, only groups B and C exhibited attenuated viral loads leading to 100 % survival. Our data suggest that natural infection with human seasonal strains could potentially provide better heterosubtypic protection against HPAI H5N1 virus infection compared to TIV immunization.

scholarly journals New hemagglutinin dual-receptor-binding pattern of a human-infecting influenza A (H7N9) virus isolated after fifth epidemic wave

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Wenlong Li ◽  
Jienan Zhou ◽  
Ruotong Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Binding Property ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Influenza H7n9 Virus ◽  
Epidemic Wave ◽  
Human Receptor

Abstract Since 2013, influenza H7N9 virus has caused five epidemic waves of human infection. The virus evolved from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic in wave 5, 2017, while the prevalence of host receptor-binding tropism in human-infecting viruses maintained dual-receptor-binding property with preference for avian receptor. A human-infecting H7N9 virus was isolated after the fifth epidemic wave and possessed an avian and human dual-receptor specificity, with a moderately higher affinity for human receptor binding. A V186I (H3 numbering) substitution in the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule is responsible for the alteration of the dual-receptor-binding tropism. Viral strains which contain I186 amino acid of avian- and human-infecting H7N9 viruses were all isolated during or after wave 5, and their HA genes clustered in a same phylogenetic clade together with 2018–9 H7N9 isolates, highlights a new evolutionary path for human adaption of natural H7N9 viruses.

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