Global habitat loss and extinction risk of terrestrial vertebrates under future land-use-change scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Powers ◽  
Walter Jetz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates

scholarly journals Extinction risk of narrowly distributed species of seed plants in Brazil due to habitat loss and climate change

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7333 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maria Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Alessandro Rapini ◽  
Luis Cláudio F. Barbosa ◽  
Roger R. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

In a world where changes in land cover and climate happen faster than ever due to the expansion of human activities, narrowly distributed species are predicted to be the first to go extinct. Studies projecting species extinction in tropical regions consider either habitat loss or climate change as drivers of biodiversity loss but rarely evaluate them together. Here, the contribution of these two factors to the extinction risk of narrowly distributed species (with ranges smaller than 10,000 km2) of seed plants endemic to a fifth-order watershed in Brazil (microendemics) is assessed. We estimated the Regional Climate Change Index (RCCI) of these watersheds (areas with microendemics) and projected three scenarios of land use up to the year 2100 based on the average annual rates of habitat loss in these watersheds from 2000 to 2014. These scenarios correspond to immediate conservation action (scenario 1), long-term conservation action (scenario 2), and no conservation action (scenario 3). In each scenario, areas with microendemics were classified into four classes: (1) areas with low risk, (2) areas threatened by habitat loss, (3) areas threatened by climate change, and (4) areas threatened by climate change and habitat loss. We found 2,354 microendemic species of seed plants in 776 areas that altogether cover 17.5% of Brazil. Almost 70% (1,597) of these species are projected to be under high extinction risk by the end of the century due to habitat loss, climate change, or both, assuming that these areas will not lose habitat in the future due to land use. However, if habitat loss in these areas continues at the prevailing annual rates, the number of threatened species is projected to increase to more than 85% (2,054). The importance of climate change and habitat loss as drivers of species extinction varies across phytogeographic domains, and this variation requires the adoption of retrospective and prospective conservation strategies that are context specific. We suggest that tropical countries, such as Brazil, should integrate biodiversity conservation and climate change policies (both mitigation and adaptation) to achieve win-win social and environmental gains while halting species extinction.

Land Use Change and Avian Disease Dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Maureen H. Murray ◽  
Sonia M. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Avian Disease

Birds live on a human-dominated planet. Over half of Earth’s ice-free land area has been modified by anthropogenic disturbance including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, impacting ecosystems around the world. Disturbances associated with these land use types, such as habitat loss, fragmentation, and pollution, influence the dynamics between birds, their pathogens, and the environment they share. Such shifts in disease dynamics can arise through the impacts of land use change on aspects of hosts, vectors, and/or pathogens, including vector and host abundance, behavior, and physiology, and through pathogen persistence in the environment. To address this complexity, the major causes of land use change that can impact birds across diverse ecosystems are described. The chapter then discusses key changes associated with land use change such as habitat loss, pollution, and anthropogenic resources that are relevant to avian disease ecology. These key changes are followed by a synthesis of documented changes in avian health with urbanization, the fastest growing type of land use change on Earth. The chapter closes with relevant implications for One Health systems and future directions for advancing avian disease ecology in rapidly changing landscapes.

scholarly journals Extinction risk of North American seed plants elevated by climate and land-use change

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Scott E. Nielsen ◽  
Youhua Chen ◽  
Damien Georges ◽  
Yuchu Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Seed Plants

Future habitat loss and extinctions driven by land-use change in biodiversity hotspots under four scenarios of climate-change mitigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Jantz ◽  
Brian Barker ◽  
Thomas M. Brooks ◽  
Louise P. Chini ◽  
Qiongyu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals Ongoing, but slowing, habitat loss in a rural landscape over 85 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. Ridding ◽  
Stephen C. L. Watson ◽  
Adrian C. Newton ◽  
Clare S. Rowland ◽  
James M. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Vegetation Surveys

Abstract Context Studies evaluating biodiversity loss and altered ecosystem services have tended to examine changes over the last few decades, despite the fact that land use change and its negative impacts have been occurring over a much longer period. Examining past land use change, particularly over the long-term and multiple time periods, is essential for understanding how rates and drivers of change have varied historically. Objectives To quantify and assess patterns of change in semi-natural habitats across a rural landscape at five time points between 1930 and 2015. Methods We determined the habitat cover at over 3700 sites across the county of Dorset, southern England in 1930, 1950, 1980, 1990 and 2015, using historical vegetation surveys, re-surveys, historical maps and other contemporary spatial data. Results Considerable declines in semi-natural habitats occurred across the Dorset landscape between 1930 and 2015. This trend was non-linear for the majority of semi-natural habitats, with the greatest losses occurring between 1950 and 1980. This period coincides with the largest gains to arable and improved grassland, reflecting agricultural expansion after the Second World War. Although the loss of semi-natural habitats declined after this period, largely because there were very few sites left to convert, there were still a number of habitats lost within the last 25 years. Conclusions The findings illustrate a long history of habitat loss in the UK, and are important for planning landscape management and ameliorative actions, such as restoration. Our analysis also highlights the role of statutory protection in retaining semi-natural habitats, suggesting the need for continued protection of important habitats.

scholarly journals Consequences of land-use change and the wildfire disaster of 2017 for the central Chilean biodiversity hotspot

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ch. Braun ◽  
Fabian Faßnacht ◽  
Diego Valencia ◽  
Maximiliano Sepulveda
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Central Chile

AbstractCentral Chile is an important biodiversity hotspot in Latin America. Biodiversity hotspots are characterised by a high number of endemic species cooccurring with a high level of anthropogenic pressure. In central Chile, the pressure is caused by land-use change, in which near-natural primary and secondary forests are replaced and fragmented by commercial pine and eucalyptus plantations. Large forest fires are another factor that can potentially endanger biodiversity. Usually, environmental hazards, such as wildfires, are part of the regular environmental dynamic and not considered a threat to biodiversity. Nonetheless, this situation may change if land-use change and altered wildfire regimes coerce. Land-use change pressure may destroy landscape integrity in terms of habitat loss and fragmentation, while wildfires may destroy the last remnants of native forests. This study aims to understand the joint effects of land-use change and a catastrophic wildfire on habitat loss and habitat fragmentation of local plant species richness hotspots in central Chile. To achieve this, we apply a combination of ecological fieldwork, remote sensing, and geoprocessing to estimate the spread and spatial patterns of biodiverse habitats under current and past land-use conditions and how these habitats were altered by land-use change and by a single large wildfire event. We show that land-use change has exceeded the wildfire’s impacts on diverse habitats. Despite the fact that the impact of the wildfire was comparably small here, wildfire may coerce with land-use change regarding pressure on biodiversity hotspots. Our findings can be used to develop restoration concepts, targeting on an increase of habitat diversity within currently fire-cleared areas and evaluate their benefits for plant species richness conservation.

scholarly journals Protected Areas in South Asia Have Not Prevented Habitat Loss: A Study Using Historical Models of Land-Use Change

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e65298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie E. Clark ◽  
Elizabeth H. Boakes ◽  
Philip J. K. McGowan ◽  
Georgina M. Mace ◽  
Richard A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Loss

scholarly journals First photographic evidence of the Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 15262-15266
Author(s):  
Sonam Wangyel ◽  
Kumbu Dorji ◽  
Sonam Tobgay ◽  
Norbu Yangdon
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Wild Felids ◽  
Distinct Colour ◽  
Colour Morphs

The Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii is among Asia’s least studied wild felids.  We report the first photographic evidence of its presence in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Bhutan, where it was recorded above 3,000m.  The photographs show three distinct colour morphs, viz., golden, buff brown, and melanistic.  The main threat to the species in the sanctuary appears to be habitat loss due to increasing developmental activities and land use change.  Future studies are needed to determine the conservation status of Asiatic Golden Cats in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary. 

scholarly journals Recapture rates and habitat associations of White-faced Darter Leucorhinnia dubia on Fenn’s and Whixall Moss, Shropshire, UK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Davies ◽  
Achaz von Hardenberg ◽  
Matthew Geary
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Repeat Visits ◽  
Biodiversity Decline

AbstractLand-use change and habitat loss are important drivers of biodiversity decline at both global and local scales. To protect species from the impacts of land-use change it is important to understand the population dynamics and habitat associations across these scales. Here we present an investigation into the survival and habitat preferences of White-faced Darter (Leucorrhinia dubia) at the local scale at Fenn’s and Whixall Moss, Shropshire, UK. We used capture-mark-recapture methods to investigate survival and used sightings of individual dragonflies along with habitat data to investigate habitat preference. We found that survival between capture-visits was very low and that White-faced Darter show a clear preference for the open moss habitat on this site. In both cases, we found that the detectability either through sightings or recaptures was potentially very low and suggest that this should be taken into account in future analyses. We suggest that this could be achieved by encouraging recorders to submit complete lists and to repeat visits to sites.

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