scholarly journals Investigation of the role of typhoid toxin in acute typhoid fever in a human challenge model

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malick M. Gibani ◽  
Elizabeth Jones ◽  
Amber Barton ◽  
Celina Jin ◽  
Juliette Meek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Typhoid Toxin

Intradermal reaction with typhoid fever

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1288-1288
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Technical Simplicity ◽  
Typhoid Toxin

Having applied an intradermal test with typhoid toxin in a significant number of patients suffering from both typhoid fever and other acute febrile illnesses, Alisov and Morozkin came to the conclusion that this reaction is diagnostically equivalent to Widala's reaction, surpassing the latter in the speed of detection and greater technical simplicity.

scholarly journals The role of flies in the spread of typhoid fever. Kister (Arch. F. Gyg., Bd. 100, H. 1-4)

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever

Highlights the important role of flies in the spread of typhoid fever

scholarly journals Structural and cellular insights into the L,D-transpeptidase YcbB as a therapeutic target in C. rodentium, S. Typhimurium, and S. Typhi infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Caveney ◽  
A Serapio-Palacios ◽  
S E Woodward ◽  
T Bozorgmehr ◽  
G Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
General Role ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Envelope Stress ◽  
Crystallographic Structures ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Typhoid Toxin ◽  
Important Drug

The bacterial cell wall plays a key role in viability and is an important drug target. The cell wall is made of elongated polymers that are crosslinked to one another to form a load bearing mesh. An alternate cell wall crosslinking mechanism performed by the L,D-transpeptidase YcbB has been implicated in the stress regulated roles of β-lactam resistance, outer membrane defect rescue, and typhoid toxin release. The role for this stress linked crosslinking in the context of a host infection was unclear. Here we resolve the crystallographic structures of both S. Typhi YcbB and C. rodentium YcbB acylated with ertapenem that delineate the conserved structural characteristics of YcbB. In parallel, we show that the general role of YcbB in peptidoglycan reinforcement under bacterial outer envelope stress does not play a significant role in acute infections of mice by C. rodentium and S. Typhimurium. Cumulatively, in this work we provide a foundation for the development of novel YcbB specific antibacterial therapeutics to assist in treatment of increasingly drug resistant S. Typhi infections.

scholarly journals Generation and Characterization of Typhoid Toxin-Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyao Jiao ◽  
Sarah Smith ◽  
Gabrielle Stack ◽  
Qi Liang ◽  
Allan Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mice ◽  
Typhoid Toxin

ABSTRACT Typhoid toxin is a virulence factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, and is thought to be responsible for the symptoms of severe disease. This toxin has a unique A2B5 architecture with two active subunits, the ADP ribosyl transferase PltA and the DNase CdtB, linked to a pentameric B subunit, which is alternatively made of PltB or PltC. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of typhoid toxin-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies by immunizing genetically engineered mice that have a full set of human immunoglobulin variable region genes. We identified several monoclonal antibodies with strong in vitro and in vivo toxin-neutralizing activity and different mechanisms of toxin neutralization. These antibodies could serve as the basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against typhoid fever.

Advancing the management and control of typhoid fever: A review of the historical role of human challenge studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire S. Waddington ◽  
Thomas C. Darton ◽  
William E. Woodward ◽  
Brian Angus ◽  
Myron M. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
And Control

Prevalence of allelic and genotypic variants of the rs1143627 polymorphism in the IL1β gene among patients with typhoid

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
D.B. Mirzajonova ◽  
◽  
H.Ya. Karimov ◽  
G.K. Abdukhalilova ◽  
K.T. Boboev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Allele Detection ◽  
Generic Structure

Objective. To evaluatethe role of allelic and genotypic variants of gene IL1β polymorphism rs1143627 in susceptibility to typhoid fever (TF). Materials and methods. 41 patients with TF and 84 chronic carriers of S. typhi were endrolled in the study. Control group included 91 healthy individuals, All of the individuals under study were Uzbeks. DNA samples were isolated from peripheric blood with the kit Ribo-sorb (AmpliSens®, Russia). Genotyping of polymorphism rs1143627 of gene IL1β was carried out by the standard PCR using kits “SNP-Express” (LLC NPF “LITECH”, Russia) according to the instruction of manufacturer. Results. The domination of allele 31T was found in the main group (patients and carriers). Its frequency was significantly lower in comparison with the control group (51.2% and 67.0%, respectively; χ2 = 10.8; p = 0.001). Minor allele -31С cytokine IL1β, on the contrary was detected more frequently in patients with TF (48.8%), than in the control group (33.0%) in χ2 = 10.8 and p = 0.001. Calculated relative chance of this allele detection in the main group in comparison with control group was OR = 1.9 in 95% CI 1.304-2.88. Conclusion. Genotypic variant C/C of polymorphism rs1143627 of the gene IL1β made a certain contribution into forming of generic structure of susceptibility to S. typhi. Risk of susceptibility of macro organism to pathogen in the presence of this genotype is higher more than 2.5 times (χ2 = 4.3; p = 0.04; CI 95% 1.037–7.359). Key words: Typhoid fever, bacteria carrier, bacteria S. typhi, polymorphism rs1143627 of the gene IL1β

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE SANITARY PRIVY IN THE CONTROL OF TYPHOID FEVER

1920 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever

Role of Shamanaushadhi in Typhoid Fever – An Observational Clinical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Parauha ◽  
M. A. Hullur ◽  
Prashanth. A. S.
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area

Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever that is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. Once the bacteria is ingested it quickly multiplies within the stomach, liver or gall bladder and finally enters the blood stream causing symptoms like fever, headache etc. these cases as of 2010 caused about 190000 deaths up from 137000 in 1990 in whole world, India, Pakistan and Egypt are also known high risk area for developing this disease. A clinical study comprising of 15 patients of either sex attending OPD clinic of AMVH Hubli and presenting with clinical manifestation of Typhoid confirmed by Widal test were selected for observational study. All the patients received Sanjivani Vati 2 tab. bid with Kiratadisapta Kashaya (20 ml) twice daily after food. It was given for 21 days and follow up period was of 1 month with weekly visit. From the result obtained we can conclude that therapy with this Ayurvedic combination of drugs shown significant relief (p less than 0.001) in symptoms after 21 days of treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluating candidate agents of selective pressure for cystic fibrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M Poolman ◽  
Alison P Galvani
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
European Descent

Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal single-gene mutation in people of European descent, with a carrier frequency upwards of 2%. Based upon molecular research, resistances in the heterozygote to cholera and typhoid fever have been proposed to explain the persistence of the mutation. Using a population genetic model parameterized with historical demographic and epidemiological data, we show that neither cholera nor typhoid fever provided enough historical selective pressure to produce the modern incidence of cystic fibrosis. However, we demonstrate that the European tuberculosis pandemic beginning in the seventeenth century would have provided sufficient historical, geographically appropriate selective pressure under conservative assumptions. Tuberculosis has been underappreciated as a possible selective agent in producing cystic fibrosis but has clinical, molecular and now historical, geographical and epidemiological support. Implications for the future trajectory of cystic fibrosis are discussed. Our result supports the importance of novel investigations into the role of arylsulphatase B deficiency in cystic fibrosis and tuberculosis.

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