ROLE OF THE SANITARY PRIVY IN THE CONTROL OF TYPHOID FEVER

Objective. To evaluatethe role of allelic and genotypic variants of gene IL1β polymorphism rs1143627 in susceptibility to typhoid fever (TF). Materials and methods. 41 patients with TF and 84 chronic carriers of S. typhi were endrolled in the study. Control group included 91 healthy individuals, All of the individuals under study were Uzbeks. DNA samples were isolated from peripheric blood with the kit Ribo-sorb (AmpliSens®, Russia). Genotyping of polymorphism rs1143627 of gene IL1β was carried out by the standard PCR using kits “SNP-Express” (LLC NPF “LITECH”, Russia) according to the instruction of manufacturer. Results. The domination of allele 31T was found in the main group (patients and carriers). Its frequency was significantly lower in comparison with the control group (51.2% and 67.0%, respectively; χ2 = 10.8; p = 0.001). Minor allele -31С cytokine IL1β, on the contrary was detected more frequently in patients with TF (48.8%), than in the control group (33.0%) in χ2 = 10.8 and p = 0.001. Calculated relative chance of this allele detection in the main group in comparison with control group was OR = 1.9 in 95% CI 1.304-2.88. Conclusion. Genotypic variant C/C of polymorphism rs1143627 of the gene IL1β made a certain contribution into forming of generic structure of susceptibility to S. typhi. Risk of susceptibility of macro organism to pathogen in the presence of this genotype is higher more than 2.5 times (χ2 = 4.3; p = 0.04; CI 95% 1.037–7.359). Key words: Typhoid fever, bacteria carrier, bacteria S. typhi, polymorphism rs1143627 of the gene IL1β

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Role of Shamanaushadhi in Typhoid Fever – An Observational Clinical Study

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i2.7707 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Saurabh Parauha ◽

M. A. Hullur ◽

Prashanth. A. S.

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Acute Illness ◽

Widal Test ◽

Risk Area ◽

High Risk Area

Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever that is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. Once the bacteria is ingested it quickly multiplies within the stomach, liver or gall bladder and finally enters the blood stream causing symptoms like fever, headache etc. these cases as of 2010 caused about 190000 deaths up from 137000 in 1990 in whole world, India, Pakistan and Egypt are also known high risk area for developing this disease. A clinical study comprising of 15 patients of either sex attending OPD clinic of AMVH Hubli and presenting with clinical manifestation of Typhoid confirmed by Widal test were selected for observational study. All the patients received Sanjivani Vati 2 tab. bid with Kiratadisapta Kashaya (20 ml) twice daily after food. It was given for 21 days and follow up period was of 1 month with weekly visit. From the result obtained we can conclude that therapy with this Ayurvedic combination of drugs shown significant relief (p less than 0.001) in symptoms after 21 days of treatment.

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Evaluating candidate agents of selective pressure for cystic fibrosis

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2006.0154 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Eric M Poolman ◽

Alison P Galvani

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Seventeenth Century ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Selective Pressure ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Single Gene ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

European Descent

Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal single-gene mutation in people of European descent, with a carrier frequency upwards of 2%. Based upon molecular research, resistances in the heterozygote to cholera and typhoid fever have been proposed to explain the persistence of the mutation. Using a population genetic model parameterized with historical demographic and epidemiological data, we show that neither cholera nor typhoid fever provided enough historical selective pressure to produce the modern incidence of cystic fibrosis. However, we demonstrate that the European tuberculosis pandemic beginning in the seventeenth century would have provided sufficient historical, geographically appropriate selective pressure under conservative assumptions. Tuberculosis has been underappreciated as a possible selective agent in producing cystic fibrosis but has clinical, molecular and now historical, geographical and epidemiological support. Implications for the future trajectory of cystic fibrosis are discussed. Our result supports the importance of novel investigations into the role of arylsulphatase B deficiency in cystic fibrosis and tuberculosis.

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Role of Widal Test in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Context to Other Test

American Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.5923/j.ajb.20120201.04 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 16-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tarique Aziz ◽

S. S Haque

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Widal Test

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The Chemokine CCL2 Is Required for Control of Murine Gastric Salmonella enterica Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.73.10.6514-6522.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 6514-6522 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. William DePaolo ◽

Rashida Lathan ◽

Barrett J. Rollins ◽

William J. Karpus

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Wild Type ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

In Vitro Analysis

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is a gram-negative intracellular pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. The Typhimurium serotype causes gastroenteritis in humans; however, infection of mice results in an enteric fever that resembles human typhoid fever and has been used as a model for typhoid fever. The present study examined the role of the chemokine CCL2 in the control of Salmonella infection. Upon infection with salmonellae, mucosal expression of CCL2 is rapidly up-regulated, followed by systemic expression in the spleen. CCL2−/− mice became moribund earlier and had a higher rate of mortality compared to wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, CCL2−/− mice had significantly higher levels of bacteria in the liver compared to wild-type controls. Mucosal and serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were elevated in CCL2−/− mice compared to wild-type mice. In vitro analysis demonstrated that CCL2−/− macrophages infected with salmonellae resulted in dysregulated cytokine production compared to macrophages derived from wild-type mice. These data are the first to directly demonstrate CCL2 as a critical factor for immune responses and survival following S. enterica infection.

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