scholarly journals Choroid Plexitis and Ependymitis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging are Biomarkers of Neuronal Damage and Inflammation in HIV-negative Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima A. Hammoud ◽  
Eman Mahdi ◽  
Anil A. Panackal ◽  
Paul Wakim ◽  
Virginia Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis ◽  
Choroid Plexitis ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals Quantitative T1ρ and Magnetization Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi I. Mäkelä ◽  
Mikko I. Kettunen ◽  
Olli H. J. Gröhn ◽  
Risto A. Kauppinen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Brain Tissue

It has been previously shown that T1 in the rotating frame (T1ρ) is a very sensitive and early marker of cerebral ischemia and that, interestingly, it can provide prognostic information about the degree of subsequent neuronal damage. In the present study the authors have quantified T1ρ together with the rate and other variables of magnetization transfer (MT) associated with spin interactions between the bulk and semisolid macromolecular pools by means of Z spectroscopy, to examine the possible overlap of mechanisms affecting these magnetic resonance imaging contrasts. Substantial prolongation of cerebral T1ρ was observed minutes after induction of ischemia, this change progressing in a time-dependent manner. Difference Z spectra (contralateral nonischemic minus ischemic brain tissue) showed a significant positive reminder in the time points from 0.5 to 3 hours after induction of ischemia, the polarity of this change reversing by 24 hours. Detailed analysis of the MT variables showed that the initial Z spectral changes were due to concerted increase in the maximal MT (+3%) and amount of MT (+4%). Interestingly, the MT rates derived either from the entire frequency range of Z spectra or the time constant for the first-order forward exchange (ksat) were unchanged at this time, these variables reducing only one day after induction of ischemia. The authors conclude that T1ρ changes in the acute phase of ischemia coincide with both elevated maximal MT and amount of MT. These changes occur independent of the overall MT rate and in the absence of net water gain to the tissue, whereas in the consolidating infarction the decrease in the rate and amount of MT, as well as the extensive prolongation of T1ρ, are associated with water accumulation.

scholarly journals Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A Bozza ◽  
Philippe Garteiser ◽  
Marcus F Oliveira ◽  
Sabrina Doblas ◽  
Rebecca Cranford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients

Brain dysfunction is frequently observed in sepsis as a consequence of changes in cerebral structure and metabolism, resulting in worse outcome and reduced life-quality of surviving patients. However, the mechanisms of sepsis-associated encephalopathy development and a better characterization of this syndrome in vivo are lacking. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess brain morphology and metabolism in a murine sepsis model (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP). Sham-operated and CLP mice were subjected to a complete MRI session at baseline, 6 and 24 h after surgery. Accumulation of vasogenic edematic fluid at the base of the brain was observed in T2-weighted image at 6 and 24 h after CLP. Also, the water apparent diffusion coefficients in both hippocampus and cortex were decreased, suggesting a cytotoxic edema in brains of nonsurvival septic animals. Moreover, the N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio was reduced in brains of septic mice, indicating neuronal damage. In conclusion, noninvasive assessment by MRI allowed the identification of new aspects of brain damage in sepsis, including cytotoxic and vasogenic edema as well as neuronal damage. These findings highlight the potential applications of MRI techniques for the diagnostic and therapeutic studies in sepsis.

Psychiatric manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-negative neurosyphilis

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda G. Russouw ◽  
Mimi C. Roberts ◽  
Robin A. Emsley ◽  
René Truter
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Negative

Microstructural magnetic resonance imaging of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Filippi ◽  
P Preziosa ◽  
E Pagani ◽  
M Copetti ◽  
S Mesaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background: Pathologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that cortical lesions (CLs) are a frequent finding in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To quantify microstructural damage in CLs and normal appearing (NA) cortex in relapse-onset MS patients at different stages of the disease. Methods: Brain double inversion recovery (DIR), diffusion tensor (DT) MRI and 3D T1-weighted scans were acquired from 35 relapsing–remitting (RR) patients, 23 secondary progressive (SP) patients, 12 benign (B) MS patients and 41 healthy controls (HC). Diffusivity values in CLs, cortex, white matter (WM) lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) were assessed. Results: Compared to HC, MS patients had a significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the cortex and NAWM. CLs had higher FA vs HC cortex and vs patients’ cortex. Compared to RRMS patients, SPMS patients had higher WM lesion volume, higher MD in the cortex, and more severe damage to the NAWM and WM lesions. Compared to SPMS patients, BMS patients had lower MD and FA of CLs. Damage in other compartments was similar between SPMS and BMS patients. Damage in CLs had a high power to discriminate BMS from SPMS (area under the curve: 79–91%), with high specificity (85%), sensitivity (100%) and accuracy (90%). Conclusions: Microstructural imaging features of CLs differ from those of WM lesions and are likely to reflect neuronal damage and microglial activation. The nature and extent of CL damage can be used to help distinguish the different MS clinical phenotypes.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Men Living with HIV and HIV-Negative Men Aged 50 and Above

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis J. Haddow ◽  
Carole H. Sudre ◽  
Magdalena Sokolska ◽  
Richard C. Gilson ◽  
Ian G. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of HIV-Negative patients with neurosyphilis

2007 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candan Gürses ◽  
Başar Bilgiç ◽  
Barış Topçular ◽  
Özlem Güngör Tuncer ◽  
Gülşen Akman-Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hiv Negative
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