Canine Parvovirus ns1 gene and Chicken Anemia vp3 gene induce partial oncolysis of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor

A juvenile raccoon ( Procyon lotor) was submitted dead to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for rabies testing without history. The animal had marked hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Histology demonstrated that most folia lacked granule cells and had randomly misplaced Purkinje cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of parvoviral antigen in a few neurons and cell processes. PCR targeting feline and canine parvovirus yielded a positive signal. Sequencing analyses from a fragment of the nonstructural protein 1 ( NS1) gene and a portion of the viral capsid protein 2 ( VP2) gene confirmed the presence of DNA of a recent canine parvovirus variant (CPV-2a–like virus) in the cerebellum. Our study provides evidence that (canine) parvovirus may be associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia in raccoons, similar to the disease that occurs naturally and has been reproduced experimentally by feline parvoviral infection of pregnant cats, with subsequent intrauterine or neonatal infections of the offspring.

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Parvovirus-induced encephalitis in a juvenile raccoon

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720967381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 140-143

Author(s):

Arno Wünschmann ◽

Robert Lopez-Astacio ◽

Aníbal G. Armién ◽

Leslie Reed ◽

Colin R. Parrish

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Histologic Evaluation ◽

Ns1 Gene ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Pcr Targeting

A juvenile raccoon was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs. At postmortem examination, no significant gross lesions were present. Histologic evaluation demonstrated nonsuppurative encephalitis in thalamus, brainstem, and hippocampus, cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, as well as poliomyelitis and demyelination of the spinal cord. Parvovirus antigen–specific immunohistochemistry revealed immunopositive neurons in the brainstem, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. A few Purkinje cells were also immunopositive. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue (thalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex) yielded a positive signal using PCR targeting both feline and canine parvovirus. Sequencing analyses from a fragment of the NS1 gene and a portion of the VP2 gene confirmed the presence of DNA of a recent canine parvovirus variant (CPV-2a–like virus) in the cerebellum. Our case provides evidence that a recent canine parvovirus (CPV) strain ( Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) can infect cerebral and diencephalic neurons and cause encephalitis in an otherwise healthy raccoon. Parvovirus-induced encephalitis is a differential diagnosis of rabies and canine distemper in raccoons with neurologic signs.

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Non-Structural protein 1 (NS1) gene of Canine Parvovirus-2 regresses chemically induced skin tumors in Wistar rats

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 292-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lakshman Santra ◽

R.S. Rajmani ◽

G.V.P.P.S. Ravi Kumar ◽

Shikha Saxena ◽

Sujoy K. Dhara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Skin Tumors ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Ns1 Gene

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Apoptosis induced by NS1 gene of Canine Parvovirus-2 is caspase dependent and p53 independent

Virus Research ◽

10.1016/j.virusres.2013.01.020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 173 (2) ◽

pp. 426-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Lovleen Saxena ◽

G. Ravi Kumar ◽

Shikha Saxena ◽

Uttara Chaturvedi ◽

Aditya Prasad Sahoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Ns1 Gene

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Peptide vaccine against canine parvovirus: identification of two neutralization subsites in the N terminus of VP2 and optimization of the amino acid sequence.

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.69.11.7274-7277.1995 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 7274-7277 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J I Casal ◽

J P Langeveld ◽

E Cortés ◽

W W Schaaper ◽

E van Dijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Peptide Vaccine ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

N Terminus

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Comparison of Four Commercially Available Point-of-Care Tests to Detect Antibodies against Canine Parvovirus in Dogs

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13010018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Michèle Bergmann ◽

Mike Holzheu ◽

Yury Zablotski ◽

Stephanie Speck ◽

Uwe Truyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Reference Method ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

P Value ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

The One ◽

Point Of Care Tests

Measuring antibodies to evaluate dogs´ immunity against canine parvovirus (CPV) is useful to avoid unnecessary re-vaccinations. The study aimed to evaluate the quality and practicability of four point-of-care (POC) tests for detection of anti-CPV antibodies. The sera of 198 client-owned and 43 specific pathogen-free (SPF) dogs were included; virus neutralization was the reference method. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV), and overall accuracy (OA) were calculated. Specificity was considered to be the most important indicator for POC test performance. Differences between specificity and sensitivity of POC tests in the sera of all dogs were determined by McNemar, agreement by Cohen´s kappa. Prevalence of anti-CPV antibodies in all dogs was 80% (192/241); in the subgroup of client-owned dogs, it was 97% (192/198); and in the subgroup of SPF dogs, it was 0% (0/43). FASTest® and CanTiCheck® were easiest to perform. Specificity was highest in the CanTiCheck® (overall dogs, 98%; client-owned dogs, 83%; SPF dogs, 100%) and the TiterCHEK® (overall dogs, 96%; client-owned dogs, 67%; SPF dogs, 100%); no significant differences in specificity were observed between the ImmunoComb®, the TiterCHEK®, and the CanTiCheck®. Sensitivity was highest in the FASTest® (overall dogs, 95%; client-owned dogs, 95%) and the CanTiCheck® (overall dogs, 80%; client-owned dogs, 80%); sensitivity of the FASTest® was significantly higher compared to the one of the other three tests (McNemars p-value in each comparison: <0.001). CanTiCheck® would be the POC test of choice when considering specificity and practicability. However, differences in the number of false positive results between CanTiCheck®, TiterCHEK®, and ImmunoComb® were minimal.

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Correction to: Canine parvovirus type 2c in Vietnam continues to produce distinct descendants with new mutations restricted to Vietnamese variants

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-021-05090-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huong Thi Thanh Doan ◽

Xuyen Thi Kim Le ◽

Roan Thi Do ◽

Khue Thi Nguyen ◽

Thanh Hoa Le

Keyword(s):

Canine Parvovirus ◽

New Mutations

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Risk and Environmental Factors Associated with the Presence of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 in Diarrheic Dogs from Thessaly, Central Greece

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Maria Kantere ◽

Labrini V. Athanasiou ◽

Alexios Giannakopoulos ◽

Vassilis Skampardonis ◽

Marina Sofia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Working Dogs ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) primarily infects dogs, which are the main host reservoir, causing severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immunosuppression. The present study was conducted in Thessaly, Greece and aimed to identify risk and environmental factors associated with CPV-2 infection in diarrheic dogs. Fecal samples were collected from 116 dogs presenting diarrhea and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of CPV-2 DNA. Supplementary data regarding clinical symptoms, individual features, management factors and medical history were also gathered for each animal during clinical evaluation. Sixty-eight diarrheic dogs were found to be positive for the virus DNA in their feces. Statistical analysis revealed that CPV-2 DNA was less likely to be detected in senior dogs, while working dogs, namely hounds and shepherds, had higher odds to be positive for the virus. Livestock density and land uses, specifically the categories of discontinuous urban fabric and of human population density, were identified as significant environmental parameters associated with CPV-2 infection by using Geographical Information System (GIS) together with the Ecological Niche Model (ENM). This is the first description of the environmental variables associated with the presence of CPV-2 DNA in dogs’ feces in Greece.

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