Risk and Environmental Factors Associated with the Presence of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 in Diarrheic Dogs from Thessaly, Central Greece

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) primarily infects dogs, which are the main host reservoir, causing severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immunosuppression. The present study was conducted in Thessaly, Greece and aimed to identify risk and environmental factors associated with CPV-2 infection in diarrheic dogs. Fecal samples were collected from 116 dogs presenting diarrhea and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of CPV-2 DNA. Supplementary data regarding clinical symptoms, individual features, management factors and medical history were also gathered for each animal during clinical evaluation. Sixty-eight diarrheic dogs were found to be positive for the virus DNA in their feces. Statistical analysis revealed that CPV-2 DNA was less likely to be detected in senior dogs, while working dogs, namely hounds and shepherds, had higher odds to be positive for the virus. Livestock density and land uses, specifically the categories of discontinuous urban fabric and of human population density, were identified as significant environmental parameters associated with CPV-2 infection by using Geographical Information System (GIS) together with the Ecological Niche Model (ENM). This is the first description of the environmental variables associated with the presence of CPV-2 DNA in dogs’ feces in Greece.

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Risk factors associated with canine parvovirus disease in dogs: A case-control study

The Journal of Agriculture and Development ◽

10.52997/jad.4.06.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Phu H. Doan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

High Rate ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Acute Enteritis ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Potential Factors ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽

Control Study

Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) is one of the most contagious viral agents causing acute enteritis in pups with high rate of morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with canine parvovirus (CPV) occurrence in dogs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total number of 132 dogs less than six months of age were recruited in the study and split into two groups: ‘CPV diseased dogs’ included 44 (33.3%) dogs positive with canine parvovirus confirmed by rapid immune-migration test, and ‘normal dogs’ consisted of 88 (66.7%) healthy dogs. Results indicated that the unvaccinated dogs had 11.76 times more risk of CPV infection than vaccinated dogs (OR = 11.76,P<0.001). The risk of CPV in dogs raised with others at the same age was 5.01 times (OR = 5.01,P= 0.027) higher than those raised singly. The risk of CPV infection of dogs interacting with neighbour dogs was 3.13 times (OR = 3.13,P= 0.028) higher than the dogs having no contact with other dogs living nearby. Briefly, our study highlights potential factors for CPV disease prevention, especially CPV vaccination is the most important driver affecting the occurrence of parvovirus in young dogs

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Isolation of a virus related to canine parvovirus type 2 from a raccoon (Procyon lotor)

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.b5587 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 166 (1) ◽

pp. 24-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. Kapil ◽

G. Rezabek ◽

B. Germany ◽

L. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Procyon Lotor ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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Frequency of Canine Parvovirus Type-2 Variants by PCR in Enteric and Healthy Dogs and Genotyping of Variants by Restriction Enzyme (RE) Mapping by DdeI Endonuclease Based on Partial VP-2 Gene Sequence

Molecular Genetics Microbiology and Virology ◽

10.3103/s0891416818020027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 151-155

Author(s):

N. Abedi ◽

H. Staji ◽

E. Shahroozian

Keyword(s):

Restriction Enzyme ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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Localization of the VP2 Protein of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 on the Baculovirus Envelop and Its Immunogenicity in a Mouse Model

Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.4236/ojvm.2012.24028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (04) ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chih H. Tsai ◽

Jing Y. Wang ◽

Xin G. Xu ◽

De W. Tong ◽

Hsin Y. Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Vp2 Protein ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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Phylogenetic analysis of canine parvoviruses from Turkey

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (01) ◽

pp. 6334-2020

Author(s):

ZEYNEP AKKUTAY-YOLDAR ◽

TAYLAN KOÇ B.

Keyword(s):

High Mortality ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Identity Match ◽

Genomic Characterization

Canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2 is the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic enteritis and high mortality in the affected dogs. Numerous studies have been done to understand the origin of the virus and to exhibit new variants and circulating strains. This report describes the detection and genomic characterization of CPV strains from indoor and outdoor dogs in Ankara, Turkey. Samples were sent to our laboratory due to clinical symptoms in puppies. We tested blood and swab samples to determine the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) in three puppies and two adult dogs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using VP2 (capsid protein) region primers of canine parvoviruses. Following that, to provide molecular characterization data Maximum Likelihood (ML) method was used for phylogenetic analyses. Constructed phylogenetic trees from the aligned nucleotide sequences revealed that our CPV strains demonstrated high genetic similarities, with 100% identity match on nucleotide alignments with each other and classified in CPV-2b genotypes.They have placed on a monophyletic clade as a sister branch with CPV VAC S quantum with 98.9% nucleotide homology. Our findings suggest that CPV-2b is actual and frequently seen variant in Turkey and shows high similarities with other CPV variants and a bit less with FPVs in Turkey and around the world. CPV causes high mortality and morbidity in dogs and to develop effective vaccines for protection of dogs in Turkey where there are few numbers of studies that have been done, field strains should be isolated and characterised.

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Genetic characterisation and local genotypes of canine parvovirus strains collected from pet dogs in central and eastern China during 2018–2019

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2020-0076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 477-486

Author(s):

Wen Hu ◽

Liangyan Zheng ◽

Xin Xu ◽

Qiang Liu ◽

Jun Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Central China ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Amino Acid Mutations ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽

Major Amino Acid

AbstractIntroductionCanine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) causes acute infectious diseases in puppies, which show high morbidity and mortality. Better effect of vaccination against these diseases could be achieved with deeper knowledge of CPV-2 genotype dissemination and mutation history. This study investigated CPV-2–positive samples collected recently over a wide region of China.Material and MethodsA total of 118 faecal samples from dogs identified as CPV-positive were collected from veterinary clinics in central and eastern China. Overall, 16 strains collected from Anhui, 29 from Henan, and 16 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced to determine the genotypic composition of CPV-2 and mutational complexity of CPV-VP2.ResultsThe CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c genotypes were detected in Anhui and Henan Provinces, while CPV-2c alone was detected in Zhejiang Province. Sequence analysis of all strains showed 98.5%–99.8%, 98.3%–99.9%, and 98.7%–99.8% identity among the 16 Anhui, 29 Henan, and 16 Zhejiang strains, respectively. Strains collected from Anhui and Henan Provinces showed lower identity (97.0%), suggesting greater genetic divergence in central China. The mutation rates of Henan and Anhui strains were lower than that of Zhejiang strains. Major amino acid mutations occurred at sites 5, 370, 426, and 440. Epitope and entropy analyses implied these sites’ likely conformance to the principles of mutation tendency, complexity, and diversity.ConclusionThe findings for the evolutionary structure of CPV-2 strains collected from three provinces in central and eastern China advance trend monitoring of the genetic variation in canine parvovirus and point to its implications in the development of novel vaccines.

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A phylogenetic study of canine parvovirus type 2c in midwestern Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2013000200013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 214-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Danúbia S. Fontana ◽

Paulo Ricardo D. Rocha ◽

Raquel A.S. Cruz ◽

Letícya L. Lopes ◽

Andréia L.T. Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Dna Sequencing ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽

Representative Samples

Since the late 1970s, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has emerged as a causative agent of fatal severe acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. To date, three antigenic types of CPV-2 were described worldwide (CPV-2a/b/c). This study was conducted to determine the variants of CPV-2 circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil. Out of 50 fecal samples, collected between 2009 and 2011, 27 tested positive for CPV-2. A 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified by PCR, 13 representative samples were analyzed further by DNA sequencing. All strains were characterized as CPV-2c, displayed a low genetic variability although observed several amino acid substitution. These findings indicated that CPV-2c has been circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil.

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