scholarly journals Flying Drosophila show sex-specific attraction to fly-labelled food

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Cazalé-Debat ◽  
Benjamin Houot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Farine ◽  
Claude Everaerts ◽  
Jean-François Ferveur

Abstract Animals searching for food and sexual partners often use odourant mixtures combining food-derived molecules and pheromones. For orientation, the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster uses three types of chemical cues: (i) the male volatile pheromone 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), (ii) sex-specific cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs; and CH-derived compounds), and (iii) food-derived molecules resulting from microbiota activity. To evaluate the effects of these chemicals on odour-tracking behaviour, we tested Drosophila individuals in a wind tunnel. Upwind flight and food preference were measured in individual control males and females presented with a choice of two food sources labelled by fly lines producing varying amounts of CHs and/or cVA. The flies originated from different species or strains, or their microbiota was manipulated. We found that (i) fly-labelled food could attract—but never repel—flies; (ii) the landing frequency on fly-labelled food was positively correlated with an increased flight duration; (iii) male—but not female or non-sex-specific—CHs tended to increase the landing frequency on fly-labelled food; (iv) cVA increased female—but not male—preference for cVA-rich food; and (v) microbiota-derived compounds only affected male upwind flight latency. Therefore, sex pheromones interact with food volatile chemicals to induce sex-specific flight responses in Drosophila.

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1784) ◽  
pp. 20140043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Farine ◽  
Jérôme Cortot ◽  
Jean-François Ferveur

Insects use chemosensory cues to feed and mate. In Drosophila , the effect of pheromones has been extensively investigated in adults, but rarely in larvae. The colonization of natural food sources by Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila simulans species may depend on species-specific chemical cues left in the food by larvae and adults. We identified such chemicals in both species and measured their influence on larval food preference and puparation behaviour. We also tested compounds that varied between these species: (i) two larval volatile compounds: hydroxy-3-butanone-2 and phenol (predominant in D. simulans and D. buzzatii , respectively), and (ii) adult cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs). Drosophila buzzatii larvae were rapidly attracted to non-CH adult conspecific cues, whereas D. simulans larvae were strongly repulsed by CHs of the two species and also by phenol. Larval cues from both species generally reduced larval attraction and pupariation on food, which was generally—but not always—low, and rarely reflected larval response. As these larval and adult pheromones specifically influence larval food search and the choice of a pupariation site, they may greatly affect the dispersion and survival of Drosophila species in nature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Yves Pierre Harry Dalleinne ◽  
◽  
Aline Giothi ◽  
Rosane Betina Wandscheer ◽  
Ivonete Hoss ◽  
...  

During their development, insects can suck plant structures like seeds and fruits being the preferred structures. The study aims to monitor the eating habits of these insects are relevant mainly in terms of food preference and development. The objective of this work was to analyze the feeding preference of Euschistus heros (brown stink bug) fed with 5 diets. The different diets studied resulted in insects in adult, with significant differences in the length of the nymph period, differences in the weights of males and females and variation in survival during the experiment.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10780
Author(s):  
José Martín ◽  
Ernesto Raya-García ◽  
Jesús Ortega ◽  
Pilar López

Kin recognition is a phenomenon with an important function in maintaining cohesive social groups in animals. Several studies have examined parent–offspring recognition in species with direct parental care. Few studies have, however, explored parent–offspring recognition in animals that, at best, only show apparent indirect parental care, such as some reptiles. In this study, we investigated reciprocal parent–offspring recognition in the fossorial amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni, a viviparous species that shows potential stable ‘family groups’ in the form of parent-offspring long-term associations. We examined whether adult males and females could discriminate via chemical cues between familiar juveniles which associate with them within their family groups, and are potentially their offspring, to that of unfamiliar juveniles, and whether juveniles could discriminate between familiar adult males and females of their family group (probably their parents) and unfamiliar unrelated adults. We measured tongue flick behavior to study chemosensory responses to the scent of conspecifics. We found that adult female amphisbaenians, but not males, could discriminate between scents of familiar and unfamiliar juveniles. Juvenile amphisbaenians did not discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar adult females, but recognize familiar from unfamiliar males. We discuss our results of parent–offspring recognition according to its potential social function in an ecological fossorial context where visibility is limited and chemosensory kin recognition may contribute to the establishment of stable family groups.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Maydianne C. B. Andrade ◽  
Aiswarya Baskaran ◽  
Maria Daniela Biaggio ◽  
Maria Modanu

Female choice may be linked to population density if the expected encounter rates with potential mates affects choosiness (the energy and risk engaged to express mate preferences). Choosiness should covary with male availability, which could be assessed using the social cues available during development. We tested whether the exposure of juvenile females to cues of male density affected the mechanisms of choosiness of adult Latrodectus hasselti spiders in two experiments simulating natural contexts. The juvenile females were exposed to (1) volatile chemicals from two densities of adult males (airborne cues), and (2) tactile, vibrational and chemical cues from adult males or other females (cohabitation cues). As adults, the females mated readily, regardless of the treatment, but there was strong evidence for post-copulatory mechanisms of choosiness in females exposed to cues of high male availability. These included abbreviated matings (in both experiments), cannibalism of the males before the mating was complete (cohabitation), and, remarkably, a reduction in the successful placement of internal sperm plugs (cohabitation). These shifts decrease the likelihood that the first mate would monopolize paternity if the female chose to mate again. We conclude that female choosiness may impose a strong selection on males despite the high mating rates, and these effects can hinge on the cues of male availability detected by juveniles.


Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (14) ◽  
pp. 1883-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Morse ◽  
Kyall R. Zenger ◽  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Mark G. Meekan ◽  
Christine L. Huffard

The southern blue-ringed octopus,Hapalochlaena maculosaHoyle (1883), is a nocturnal species that exhibits a mating system in which females hold sperm from multiple males over a one to two month breeding window before laying a single egg clutch. Contrary to most studied animal mating systems where anisogamy exists, gamete package production is limited for both males and females of this species (approx. 50 spermatophores/eggs). This presents an animal model for studying aspects of sperm competition and dynamic mate choice behaviours. The present study reports on the mating behaviour ofH. maculosaobserved under laboratory conditions using infrared closed-circuit television video footage. Rates of male copulation attempts increased with male size, while female receptivity to mating attempts increased with female size, resulting in larger animals of both sexes gaining more copulations and spending more time per day in copulation. There was some evidence of female preference of larger males, but no male preference of females based on measured morphological traits. Both sexes terminated copulations in equal frequencies but male-terminated copulations were significantly shorter in duration. Males were more likely to terminate copulation early with females they had previously mated with, however were less likely to do so if the female had recently mated with a different male. Among male-terminated copulations, males mated for longer with females that had previously mated with other males in the trial. Male–male mounts were as common as male–female mounts, suggesting that maleH. maculosaare not able to discriminate the sex of conspecifics. These findings suggest male strategic allocation of spermatophores based female mating history is an important factor influencing mating behaviours of this species.


Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent H. Resh ◽  
Morgan Hannaford ◽  
John K. Jackson ◽  
Gary A. Lamberti ◽  
Patina K. Mendez

The limnephilid caddisfly Dicosmoecus gilvipies (Hagen) occurs in many streams of northwestern United States and British Columbia.  Because of the large size of the fully grown larva, its synchronous emergence pattern, and its frequent imitation by fly-fishing anglers, D. gilvipes is one of the best known North American aquatic insects. Egg masses are found at the bases of Carex sedges. Cases of early larval instars are made of organic material and detritus; 3rd and 4th instars incorporate pebbles into cases. The 5th-instar case is made entirely of mineral material. Larvae can travel up to 25 m per day, and are predominantly scraper-grazers. Fifth instars attach their cases to the underside of boulders in mid-summer and remain dormant until pupation in autumn.  All northern California populations known are univoltine. Adult females use sex pheromones to attract males; most males come to trapped females in the 1st hour after sunset.  In laboratory studies, males and females fly during the mate attraction period but generally not at other times.  Males but not females exhibit circadian rhythms that govern flight periodicity. In enclosures to study biotic interactions, the density of D. gilvipes larvae has a negative effect on the densities of sessile grazers. This species has been widely used in trophic and behavioral studies conducted in the laboratory and field, and may be a model organism for ecological studies of caddisflies and other benthic macroinvertebrates.


1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2831-2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehbia Abed ◽  
Remy Brossut ◽  
Jean -Pierre Farine

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Guédot ◽  
David R. Horton ◽  
Peter J. Landolt

AbstractWe examined the role of chemical signals in sex attraction of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), assessing the response of summerform male and female psyllids to male- and female-produced volatile chemicals. Male psyllids were attracted to odors from live females and pentane extracts of females. Extracts of females were as attractive to males as live females, suggesting that the female-produced volatile chemicals responsible for male attraction might be isolated by extracting females with pentane. Females were not attracted to odorants from live females and tended to avoid odorants from extracts of females. Furthermore, summerform males and females were not attracted or repelled by male-produced odorants from live males or extracts of males. Results of olfactometer assays using male summerform C. pyricola are consistent with results from earlier studies with the winterform morphotype of this species.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 172391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Agee ◽  
Marie-H. Monfils

In the social transmission of food preference paradigm, naive observer rats acquire safety information about novel food sources in the environment through social interaction with a demonstrator rat that has recently eaten said food. Research into the behavioural mechanisms governing this form of learning has found that observers show increased reliance on socially acquired information when the state of the environment makes personal examination of their surroundings risky. We aimed to (1) determine whether reliance on social information would decrease if previous reliance on social learning was unsuccessful, and (2) whether reliance on the specific demonstrator that had transmitted poor information would similarly decrease. By inducing illness in observers following consumption of a socially demonstrated food, we created an environmental situation in which reliance on socially acquired information was maladaptive. We found that under these conditions, observers showed no change in their reliance on a specific demonstrator or socially learned information in general. Our experiment also unexpectedly produced results showing that recent demonstrators were more influential in later transmissions than demonstrators that had been learned from less recently. Notably, this effect only emerged when the observer simultaneously interacted with both demonstrators, indicating that demonstrators must be in direct competition for this effect to manifest.


The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319
Author(s):  
Martjan Lammertink

Abstract Grouping and associated behavior are poorly documented for the Great Slaty Woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus) of Southeast Asia. This woodpecker is thought to breed in pairs, although only three active nests have been superficially described. I present observations of group and breeding behavior of the Great Slaty Woodpecker from five regions in western Indonesia. Thirty-six independent units of Great Slaty Woodpeckers involved predominantly groups (81%), followed by pairs (17%), and one single bird. Mean size of groups larger than 2 was 4.2 ± 1.2 (range 3–6) individuals. Group size did not vary as a function of time of year, logging disturbance, or the number of sympatric woodpecker species. Individuals attended the same groups on consecutive days. Groups comprised several males and females. Roost holes, spaced >200 m apart, were occupied by single birds. In 65% of foraging groups, two to five members simultaneously exploited a single food source such as a stingless bee, termite, or ant nest; frequency of food-source sharing peaked at groups of four individuals. Within foraging groups, females spent more time climbing and searching; males did more hammering, pecking, and flaking. Grouping in this species is perhaps induced by cooperatively searching for and exploiting infrequent but highly profitable food sources. Two nests of Great Slaty Woodpeckers were found, one of which was attended by two males and one female. In 18% of occasions, Great Slaty Woodpecker groups associated temporarily with White-bellied Woodpeckers (Dryocopus javensis). In mixed flocks the two species exploited different food sources within 50 m from each other. Gregarismo y Cría Cooperativa en Mulleripicus pulverulentus Resumen. El gregarismo está documentado escasamente para la especie Mulleripicus pulverulentus del sureste asiático. Se cree que la especie cría en parejas, aunque sólo se han descrito superficialmente tres nidos activos. Se presentan observaciones de comportamiento gregario y de reproducción de este pícido procedentes de cinco regiones en el oeste de Indonesia. Treinta y seis unidades independientes de M. pulverulentus incluyeron predominantemente grupos (81%), seguidos de parejas (17%), y un ave solitaria. El tamaño medio de grupos mayores que 2 fue 4.2 ± 1.2 individuos (rango 3–6). El tamaño de los grupos no varió como función de la temporada del año, la perturbación por tala o el número de especies simpátricas de carpinteros. Los individuos integraron los mismos grupos en días consecutivos. Los grupos constaron de machos y hembras. Los agujeros dormidero, separados por más de 200 m, estuvieron ocupados por una sola ave. El 65% de los grupos de entre dos y cinco miembros explotaron simultáneamente una única fuente de alimento como nidos de abejas sin aguijón, termitas u hormigas; la frecuencia con que las fuentes de alimento fueron compartidas fue máxima en grupos de cuatro individuos. En los grupos de forrajeo, las hembras pasaron más tiempo trepando y buscando mientras que los machos pasaron más tiempo martilleando, picoteando y quitando cortezas. El gregarismo en esta especie quizás es inducido por la búsqueda cooperativa y la explotación de fuentes de alimento infrecuentes pero muy provechosas. Se encontraron dos nidos de M. pulverulentus, uno de los cuales salió adelante con la cooperación de dos machos y una hembra. El 18% de las veces los grupos de M. pulverulentus se asociaron temporalmente con la especie Dryocopus javensis. En grupos mixtos las dos especies explotaron fuentes de alimento diferentes en un radio de 50 m de distancia.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document