scholarly journals Preterm and full term infant vocalization and the origin of language

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimbrough Oller ◽  
Melinda Caskey ◽  
Hyunjoo Yoo ◽  
Edina R. Bene ◽  
Yuna Jhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Origin Of Language

Abstract How did vocal language originate? Before trying to determine how referential vocabulary or syntax may have arisen, it is critical to explain how ancient hominins began to produce vocalization flexibly, without binding to emotions or functions. A crucial factor in the vocal communicative split of hominins from the ape background may thus have been copious, functionally flexible vocalization, starting in infancy and continuing throughout life, long before there were more advanced linguistic features such as referential vocabulary. 2–3 month-old modern human infants produce “protophones”, including at least three types of functionally flexible non-cry precursors to speech rarely reported in other ape infants. But how early in life do protophones actually appear? We report that the most common protophone types emerge abundantly as early as vocalization can be observed in infancy, in preterm infants still in neonatal intensive care. Contrary to the expectation that cries are the predominant vocalizations of infancy, our all-day recordings showed that protophones occurred far more frequently than cries in both preterm and full-term infants. Protophones were not limited to interactive circumstances, but also occurred at high rates when infants were alone, indicating an endogenous inclination to vocalize exploratorily, perhaps the most fundamental capacity underlying vocal language.

scholarly journals Research on the Application Value of Intelligent Heating Box in Newborn Nursing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yongzhi Lu ◽  
Guangrong Bo ◽  
Yuanyuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Heat Preservation

The aim of this study was to explore the application effect of intelligent incubator in neonatal care. We selected the period from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, where there were 100 full-term and premature babies born in a hospital and transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within 1 hour after birth. Before the improved heat preservation, 100 full-term infants in the control group and 100 full-term infants in the intervention group of the intelligent warming box were formed into a full-term infant group for a comparative study. Statistics and comparison of the two groups of term infants and premature infants admitted to the hospital were carried out to assess body temperature and the changes in the incidence of each system. The research found that on comparison of admission body temperature between the control group and the intervention group, with the intervention group in the intelligent heating box, the incidence of hypothermia was significantly lower than that of the control group (95% vs. 37% of full-term infants; 98% vs. 49% of premature babies; there is a statistical significance ( P < 0.05 )). The intelligent heating box can reduce the fluctuation of the newborn’s body temperature, keep the internal environment of newborns stable, and provide suitable conditions for the rapid growth of newborns, suitable for clinical promotion and application.

scholarly journals Infant-Directed Singing as a Vehicle for Regulation Rehearsal in the Medically Fragile Full-Term Infant

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Shoemark
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Medically Fragile ◽  
Mutual Regulation ◽  
Significant Step

A significant step in the full-term infant’s development is the achievement of self and mutual regulation. The invasive nature of care on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit can undermine the medically fragile full- term infant’s efforts to control his experiences through regulation of stimuli. During active music therapy, the therapist provides a contingent relationship in which improvised infant-directed singing serves as a vehicle for rehearsal of self and mutual regulation.

Otitis Media in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates: A 1-Year Prospective Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Judith S. Gravel ◽  
Cecelia M. McCarton ◽  
Robert J. Ruben
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants

A group of 46 high-risk infants (graduates of a neonatal intensive care unit) and 19 full-term infants were observed prospectively for middle ear status beginning at 40 weeks' postconceptional age. All infants were born to families living in low socioeconomic urban neighborhoods. Pneumootoscopy was used to determine the presence or absence of middle ear effusion during periodic medical and nonmedical visits throughout a 1-year period. Of all infants studied, 91% had at least one episode of otitis media with effusion during the observation interval. There were no differences in the percentages of visits during which high-risk and full-term infants experienced either normal middle ears bilaterally or otitis media with effusion in one or both ears. Furthermore, the age of onset of otitis media with effusion was similar for the two groups of babies. No differences were found between boys and girls in the age of onset for otitis media or in the percentage of visits at which otitis media with effusion was detected. Hispanic infants experienced their initial episode at significantly younger ages than did black infants in the sample. Both groups had similar percentages of visits attributable to otitis media with effusion during the observation period. The results indicate a high incidence among the infants studied and similar otologic courses for neonatal intensive care unit graduates and full-term infants during the first year of life.

Neonatal Seizures, Intracerebral Hematoma, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Full-Term Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-815
Author(s):  
Edward R. Chaplin ◽  
Gary W. Goldstein ◽  
David Norman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Term Infants

During the first days of life intracranial hemorrhage is a frequent cause of convulsions in the full-term infant.1,2 If spinal fluid is bloody and there is no evidence of asphyxia, infection, or acute metabolic disease, then a presumptive diagnosis of primary subarachnoid hemorrhage is often made.1-3 These infants appear remarkably well in the interictal period, and their outcome is usually good.1,2 Since pathologic confirmation is not available, it has been assumed that bleeding occurs directly into the subarachnoid space and not as an extension of a subdural, intraventricular, or intracerebellar hemorrhage.1,3-5 During a 13-month period at our institution, only four full-term infants had seizures and bloody spinal fluid.

Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
HEYWORTH N. SANFORD ◽  
J. HAROLD ROOT ◽  
R. H. GRAHAM
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Full Term Infant

Chairman Sanford: Dr. Herman N. Bundesen, Commissioner of Health of Chicago, organized 12 years ago the "Chicago Premature Plan." This consists in registering all premature infants with the City Health Department within a few hours after birth. The premature infant who is born at home, or in a hospital that does not have adequate premature care, is transported in an oxygenated incubator ambulance to a hospital which specializes in such care. From 1936 to 1947 premature infant deaths in Chicago have been lowered 6½%. The full term infant death rate during the same period has been lowered about 3%. Inasmuch as the premature death rate has been lowered about double that of the full term infant rate, we believe this procedure has been the cause of reduction. In 1936 there were 47,000 live births in Chicago. In 1947 there were 82,000, or an increase of 80%. In this number the full term infants increased from 45% to 60%, whereas the premature infants increased from 2000 to over 5000, or about 140% increase of premature infants born in Chicago during the last 10 years. This adds a considerable increase to the number of infants for our available premature infants beds. Where formerly we planned 5 premature births to each 100 full term births, we now find that prematures have increased to 8 per 100 full term infants. Causes of prematurity are multiple births, toxemia, heart disease, syphilis, tuberculosis, infections, accidents, premature separation of the placenta and abnormalities of the reproduction tract. It is generally understood that there is a tendency for more premature births among the Negro race than the white race.

Admission of Term Infants to Neonatal Intensive Care: A Population-Based Study

Birth ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally K. Tracy ◽  
Mark B. Tracy ◽  
Elizabeth Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Population Based Study

ALVEOLAR-ARTERIAL O2 AND CO2 DIFFERENCES AND THEIR RELATION TO LUNG VOLUME IN THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Thibeault ◽  
E. Poblete ◽  
P. A. M. Auld
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Oxygen Gradient ◽  
Thoracic Gas Volume ◽  
Gas Volume

Twenty-six premature and five full-term infants, ranging in birth weight from 860 to 4,040 gm and in age from 3 hours to 98 days, were the subjects of this study. Measurements of thoracic gas volume and determination of alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide gradient were performed. All infants showed a decrease in thoracic gas volume in the first days of life. The initial high thoracic gas volume is thought to be due to trapped gas. The ability to trap gas was demonstrated in a number of infants. In the full-term infant the decrease in thoracic gas volume is associated with improvement in lung function. In the premature infants the decrease in lung volume is associated with a persistently elevated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and in an inequality of perfusion and ventilation, as evidenced by the large arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide gradient. In a small group of infants increase in functional residual capacity produced by negative pressure around the chest resulted in a decrease in the carbon dioxide and oxygen gradients, indicating that the infant's lung volume is less than optimum. These observations characterize in physiological terms some of the respiratory difficulties in small premature infants.

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