Biblical Etymology of Relatives: Origin of Language

Regarding origin of language, Genesis claims that ancient languages were divinely diversified. This testimony presents systematic evidence for biblical etymology related to relatives, solving word riddles on all relatives. Family is flame of altar, and relative is related to altar, because early relatives were worshipers around altar. Patriotism is parental worship, patriot is to cut in pair at altar, aunt is to count, offspring is off spring, descendant is related to census, blessing is related to sibling as brother, sister is to assist, woman is own, female is self in flesh, to marry is to Mary, to marry is to arrive, bride is related to tribe, Child is under cloud in addition to Infant’s finance, nephew has new place or no female, and girl and ugly are not to offer with hand in unclean period. 息 breath has rest息. 休 rest has tree木. Testimony has stone of ten commandments in tent . This major discovery in civilization on multilingual mutual match to biblical etymology addresses fundamental semantic structure of words in relatives. This provides revolutionary method of learning vocabulary by bilingual mutual match to biblical etymology

Odkud řeč. Herderovo hledání odpovědi na otázku po lidském, či božském původu řeči

The article aims to present Herder’s early philosophy of language against the background of the question regarding the human or divine origin of language, which influenced mainly the German discussion in the 1760s. It focuses on the interpretation of two writings in which Herder answers the question of the origin of speech in a seemingly different way: A Treatise on the Origin of Language and The Oldest Document of the Human Race. While in the Treatise Herder insists on the human origin of language, in The Oldest Document he admits the need for “God’s teaching” for its origin. The question therefore arises as to whether Herder has revised his original position. However, we demonstrate that The Oldest Document is not a revision, but a supplement to the theses contained in the Treatise by metaphysical assumptions, which form an indispensable framework for Herder’s philosophy of language.

The Discourse of The Qur'anic Metaphors: The Embryo of Theological Sects Disputes in Comprehending the Holy Qur'an

This article aims to examine problems related to metaphors (majāz) found in the Qur’an which were debated by scholars of Arabic literatures during the classic times. Majāz, opposed to ḥaqīqah, is a part of the Qur'an language styles which triggers theological debates among its supporters. This article used a qualitative approach, through library research, with a comprehensive and comparative analysis method among supporters of theological sects in understanding the problems of majāz in the Qur'an. The results of this study indicated that the debates on the issue raises three opinions in theological sects; Firstly, the Ẓahirī and Salafi sects reject the existence of majāz in the Qur'an. They refuse the interpretations of things that are not standardized in the text of the Qur'an. Secondly, the Mu'tazilah sect is exaggerated in accepting majāz and attacking other theological sects that are inconsistent with their interpretations of the text. Thirdly, the Ash’arī sect which is more moderate in confirming majāz. The starting point of their debates over majāz in the Qur'an is the difference in analysis and conclusions about the origin of language. The Ẓahirī and Salafi groups conclude that language is solely a gift from God, so there should be no change in terms of meaning. The Mu'tazilah believes that language is an invention and human power, that’s why a word may have more than one meaning. Whilst, the Ash’arī argues that language is indeed a human creativity, but it cannot be denied that God also plays a role in giving human abilities, so there are other possible meanings of a word

Use of Professional Language in Media

Every language in the world has its own basics, goals and characteristics, but all are harmonious in communicative value, this means that every language transmits communication, knowledge, ideas, culture, feeling, purpose and many other things. On the other hand, languages ​​are the names that are specific to the power of speech of certain nations and people around the world, such as: Pashto is the language of the Pashteens tribe, Hindi is the language of the Hindu tribes, and English is the language of the English tribes and so on. It is not important for a person to understand many languages, even if, one speaks only in one's native language , one is able to share one's thoughts, desires and feelings with others. Since, every language in the world has its own terminology, which includes academic, professional vocabulary and information. This article is written by taking references from different books, experiences and instructions in regard to my profession or journalism about the origin of language, communicative value, characteristics of language, function of language, linguistic problem and language of media. Scholar’s views are mentioned and the use of professional language, guidance, and its impact on professional language especially in media is also discussed. And in appropriate places, practical examples are also incorporated from across the country, the region and the world, for better explanation of the subject to readers.

Gross anatomy of the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus sp.

Opposing genetic and cultural-social explanations for the origin of language are currently the focus of much discussion. One of the functions linked to the longitudinal fascicle is language, which links Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area in the brain, and its size should indicate the brain increase in the evolution. Sapajus is a New World primate genus with high cognition and advanced tool use similar to that of chimpanzees. A study of the gross anatomy of the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus using Kingler’s method found it to differ from other studied primates, such as macaques and chimpanzees, mainly because its fibers join the cingulate fascicle. As in other non-human primates, the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus does not reach the temporal lobe, which could indicate a way of separating these fascicles to increase white matter in relation to individual function. The study of anatomical structures seems very promising for understanding the basis of the origin of language. Indeed, socio-historical-cultural philosophy affirms the socio-cultural origin of speech, although considering the anatomical structures behind it working as a functional system.

Cratos, Crisis and Cognition in Reference to Generative Anthropology and the Scene of Language/Culture Origin

This article will interpret Cratos, a mythic character and rhetorical personification present in the works of Hesiod and Aeschylus, as a multilayered and metaphoric figure of cognition, defining him in reference to the hypothesis of the origin of language and culture advanced by Eric Gans’s Generative Anthropology. Cratos was a violent oppressor of Prometheus, involved in provoking a crisis among both gods and humanity. This faithful and ruthless performer of the will of Zeus is viewed here as representing one of the deeper cognitive layers of mythological transfer, that is, as a representation of deferred, but always and anywhere prevalent intra-specific violence, the fundamental source and testimony of crisis in human societies.

The narrative origins of language

Central to this chapter is the idea that the investigation of the origin of language is strictly tied to the analysis of the traits that distinguish human communication from that of animals. A cognitive approach to the study of the origin of language is employed. The proposal is that the analysis of the traits that distinguish human communication from that of animals must be guided by an investigation of the processing devices that allowed our ancestral relatives to manage the transition from animal communication to language. The argument put forward is that the distinguishing feature of language is how it supports the ability to tell stories; and that the cognitive devices responsible for the transition from animal communication to language (space and time navigational systems, plus mindreading) are the same cognitive devices dedicated to discursive level processing in human communication. Given that the issue of the origins of language is closely related to the analysis of the differences between the way in which humans and non-human animals communicate, the first issue to be addressed regards the question of what is specific about language as a system of communication.

On the Gestural Origin of Language Lateralisation: Manual Communication reflects Broca’s Asymmetry in Monkeys

Manual gestures and speech recruit a common neural network, involving Broca area in the left hemisphere. Evolutionary questions about this language organization led to a renewed attention for comparative research on gestural communication in our closer primate relatives and its potential language-like features. Here, using in vivo anatomical MRI in 80 baboons, we found that communicative gesturing’s lateralisation – but not handedness for manipulation - is related to Broca homologue’s marker in monkeys, namely contralateral depth hemispheric asymmetry of the ventral portion of the inferior arcuate sulcus. This finding provides strong support for the gestural evolutionary continuities with language-related frontal specialization, dating back not only to Homo sapiens evolution, but rather to a much older common ancestor shared with old-world monkeys, 25-35 million years ago.