scholarly journals Mediating role of attenuated physiological arousal on the association between psychopathic traits and fairness norm violation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Punishment Condition ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Primary Psychopathy ◽  
Somatic Marker Hypothesis ◽  
Bodily State

AbstractThe low-fear model of primary psychopathy has been supported by empirical findings such as attenuated physiological arousal in anticipation of threatening stimuli. The somatic marker hypothesis proposes that salient changes in the bodily state are processed as signals of whether a situation is good or bad and guide an individual to avoid potential adverse consequences. The present study aimed to elucidate the role that attenuated physiological arousal plays in the relationship between primary psychopathy and fairness norm violations both under the threat of punishment and under no potential for punishment. Primary psychopathy was associated with an attenuated skin conductance response prior to the choice of unfair monetary offers to another person, regardless of the potential for punishment. Attenuated skin conductance mediated the association between primary psychopathy and the choice of an unfair offer, especially in the no-punishment condition. However, in the punishment condition, primary psychopathy significantly predicted the choice of unfair offers even after controlling for the magnitude of skin conductance. The bodily response may have only a marginal effect on interpersonal decision-making under a threat of punishment. The present results suggest that the low-fear account of social norm violations as a function of primary psychopathy should be re-discussed.

Application of the somatic marker hypothesis to individual differences in decision making

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsunobu Suzuki ◽  
Akihisa Hirota ◽  
Noriyoshi Takasawa ◽  
Kazuo Shigemasu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Somatic Marker Hypothesis ◽  
Marker Hypothesis

scholarly journals Dynamic integration and segregation of amygdala subregional functional circuits linking to physiological arousal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimeng Zeng ◽  
Fuxiang Tao ◽  
Zaixu Cui ◽  
Liyun Wu ◽  
Jiahua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Brain Circuitry ◽  
Dynamic Integration

AbstractThe dynamical organization of brain networks is essential to support human cognition and emotion for rapid adaption to ever-changing environment. As the core nodes of emotion-related brain circuitry, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and centromedial amygdala (CMA) are recognized as two major amygdalar nuclei that regulate distinct affective functions and internal autonomic responses via their unique connections with cortical and subcortical structures in rodents. However, little is known how the dynamical organization of emotion-related brain circuitry reflects internal autonomic responses in humans. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with concurrent recording of skin conductance, we show robust dynamic integration and segregation states of amygdala subregion-related intrinsic functional networks linked to spontaneous autonomic arousal. Time-varying connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI data with K-means clustering approach revealed two distinct states of BLA- and CMA-based connectivity patterns, with a segregation state showing generally stronger BLA- than CMA-based connectivity with cortical regions, and an integration state showing substantial overlapping, in a spatiotemporal manner, between BLA- and CMA-based connectivity networks. Critically, further analysis of skin conductance revealed that state-specific BLA- and CMA-based connectivity patterns were predictive of fluctuations of skin conductance, with higher predictive accuracy in the integration than segregation states. There are distinct BLA and CMA target network configurations in the integration and segregation states that predict spontaneous skin conductance levels and likely reflect spontaneous autonomic or physiological arousal. Our findings highlight dynamic functional organization of emotion-related amygdala nuclei circuits and networks and its links to spontaneous autonomic arousal in humans.

Does a Functioning Mind Need a Functioning Body? Some Perspectives from Postclassical Computation

2011 ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Colin G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Somatic Markers ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
The World ◽  
Abstract Class ◽  
Somatic Marker Hypothesis ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
Complex Computer ◽  
Marker Hypothesis

In recent years, the idea that somatic processes are intimately involved in actions traditionally considered to be purely mental has come to the fore. In particular, these arguments have revolved around the concept of somatic markers, i.e., bodily states that are generated by mind and then reperceived and acted upon. This chapter considers the somatic marker hypothesis and related ideas from the point of view of postclassical computation, i.e., the view that computing can be seen as a property of things-in-the-world rather than of an abstract class of mathematical machines. From this perspective, a number of ideas are discussed: the idea of somatic markers extending into the environment, an analogy with hardware interlocks in complex computer-driven systems, and connections with the idea of “just-do-it” computation.

The Somatic Marker Hypothesis and Political Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Verweij ◽  
Antonio Damasio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Somatic Marker Hypothesis ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Marker Hypothesis

The somatic marker hypothesis has not always been fully understood, or properly applied, in political science. The hypothesis was developed to explain the personally and socially harmful decision-making of neurological patients who appeared to have largely intact cognitive skills. It posits that affect (consisting of emotions, feelings, and drives) facilitates and expands cognition, is grounded in states of bodily physiology and on the processing of those states in the entire nervous system, and is shaped by a person’s past experiences in similar situations. Thus far, it has received empirical support from lesion studies, experiments based on the Iowa Gambling Task, and brain imaging studies. The somatic marker hypothesis is not compatible with key assumptions on which various influential political and social approaches are based. It disagrees with the largely cognitive view of decision-making presented in rational choice analysis. Contrary to behavioral public policy, the somatic marker hypothesis emphasizes the extent to which affect and cognition are integrated and mutually enabling. Finally, it differs from poststructuralist frameworks by highlighting the constraints that evolutionarily older bodily and neuronal networks impose on decision-making. Rather, the somatic marker hypothesis implies that political decision-making is socially constructed yet subject to constraints, is often sluggish but also is prone to wholesale, occasional reversals, takes place at both conscious and unconscious levels, and subserves dynamic, sociocultural homeostasis.

Does the Body Move the Soul? The Impact of Arousal on Music Preference

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schäfer ◽  
Peter Sedlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Subjective Impression ◽  
Body Move ◽  
The Impact

people often report changes in emotional arousal when listening to their preferred music. Can this subjective impression be related to objective physiological measures? And if so, does preference induce arousal or could arousal also influence preference? In Study 1, participants listened to 18 pieces of music and rated the strength of preference as well as their experienced emotional arousal for each piece. In addition, physiological arousal was measured via heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration rate. Results showed that subjective reports about emotional arousal were much more closely connected to the strength of music preference than were physiological measures such as heart rate or skin conductance. The two types of arousal (emotional, physiological) were not substantially associated with each other. In Study 2, we manipulated physiological arousal while one group of participants watched their faces in a mirror during music listening. Effects on music preference differed: For a given piece of unknown music, higher induced arousal yielded higher preference ratings. However, this result only held when the music was not too complex. The results indicated that arousal was not solely a consequence of listening to preferred music but might also be a potent determinant of music preference.

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