Effects of different agronomic practices on the selective soil properties and nitrogen leaching of black soil in Northeast China

Abstract Considering the large amount and high frequency application of concentrated fertilizer nitrogen in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China, the current laboratory/field simulation study aimed to explore the pollution risk of added nitrogen in black soil to groundwater and identify effective measures to prevent and control soil nitrogen leaching with an undisturbed soil column. The results showed that the saturated nitrogen adsorption capacities increased by 1.7%, 7.7% and 18.5% in ploughing, impervious agent (starch grafted polyacrylic acid) addition, and corn straw returning treatments, respectively, relative to the control (no-till). When the collection volume of the leaching solution reached the experimental maximum (4,000 mL), the total amount of nitrogen leaching from the control soil column (i.e., the no-tillage treatment) accounted for more than 50% of the added nitrogen, indicating a great risk of nitrogen pollution in groundwater. Compared with the no-tillage treatment, the amount of nitrogen leaching from the ploughing treatment increased insignificantly, and the amount of nitrogen leaching in the following spring in the corn straw returning treatment increased by 11.2%. The amount of nitrogen leaching decreased by 12.5% in the soil sampled in autumn of the second year. The total amount of nitrogen leaching in the soil with impervious agents decreased by 40.1%. Therefore, the permeability-reducing agent could significantly reduce underground water pollution risk posed by nitrogen leaching.

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Effects of long-term no tillage treatment on gross soil N transformations in black soil in Northeast China

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.04.008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 301 ◽

pp. 42-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Siyi Liu ◽

Xiaoping Zhang ◽

Jun Zhao ◽

Jinbo Zhang ◽

Christoph Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Black Soil ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil N ◽

N Transformations ◽

Tillage Treatment

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Short-Term Impacts of No Tillage on Aggregate-Associated C in Black Soil of Northeast China

Agricultural Sciences in China ◽

10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60072-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ai-zhen LIANG ◽

Xue-ming YANG ◽

Xiao-ping ZHANG ◽

Yan SHEN ◽

Xiu-huan SHI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Black Soil ◽

No Tillage ◽

Short Term

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Soil physical and hydraulic properties under different land uses in the black soil region of Northeast China

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2019-0039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 406-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Haiqiang Li ◽

Xiaolin Liao ◽

Hansong Zhu ◽

Xiaorong Wei ◽

Mingan Shao

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Northeast China ◽

Hydraulic Properties ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Black Soil ◽

Water Retention Curve ◽

Land Uses ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Black Soil Region

Black soil is inherently productive and fertile but is subject to soil erosion. Understanding the distribution of soil physical and hydraulic properties of the soil profile under various land uses would help reveal the mechanism behind the degradation of black soil. In this study, we investigated the variation in soil physical and hydraulic properties with land uses and soil depths in the black soil area of Northeast China. Disturbed samples and undisturbed soil cores were collected from 0–100 cm soil depths under agricultural land (AL), forestland (FL), and shrub land (SL). Our results showed that the land use and soil depth significantly affected the soil bulk density (BD), field capacity (FC), capillary moisture capacity (CMC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and soil water retention curve (θs and α). Small macroaggregates accounted for most of the soil mass and were significantly higher in FL but lower in AL for the 0–50 cm of the soil samples. The FC, CMC, and Ks decreased, but the BD increased with the soil depth across the three land-use types. In addition, the soil in AL had a higher BD but lower CMC and Ks than the soil in FL and SL for most soil depths. These results indicated that land use can influence the variation in soil physical and hydraulic properties within the 0–100 cm soil depth, and agricultural use is a major reason for soil degradation in this black soil region.

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Micromorphological analysis of soil structure under no tillage management in the black soil zone of Northeast China

Journal of Mountain Science ◽

10.1007/s11629-009-1034-2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hu Zhou ◽

Baoguo Li ◽

Yizhong Lu

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Black Soil ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Zone ◽

Micromorphological Analysis

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Migration and transformation of fertilizer nitrogen in a simulated black soil column

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1011.2010.00683 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 683-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chao ZHANG ◽

Yu-Ping CHE ◽

Zhong-Pei LI

Keyword(s):

Soil Column ◽

Black Soil ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen

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A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Organic Matter Concentration in the Topsoil of Black Soil in Northeast China Based on Spatial Heterogeneous Patterns

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10050348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 348

Author(s):

Zhenbo Du ◽

Bingbo Gao ◽

Cong Ou ◽

Zhenrong Du ◽

Jianyu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Type ◽

Northeast China ◽

Black Soil ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Soil Zone ◽

Rainfed Farming ◽

Study Results

Black soil is fertile, abundant with organic matter (OM) and is exceptional for farming. The black soil zone in northeast China is the third-largest black soil zone globally and produces a quarter of China’s commodity grain. However, the soil organic matter (SOM) in this zone is declining, and the quality of cultivated land is falling off rapidly due to overexploitation and unsustainable management practices. To help develop an integrated protection strategy for black soil, this study aimed to identify the primary factors contributing to SOM degradation. The geographic detector, which can detect both linear and nonlinear relationships and the interactions based on spatial heterogeneous patterns, was used to quantitatively analyze the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting SOM concentration in northeast China. In descending order, the nine factors affecting SOM are temperature, gross domestic product (GDP), elevation, population, soil type, precipitation, soil erosion, land use, and geomorphology. The influence of all factors is significant, and the interaction of any two factors enhances their impact. The SOM concentration decreases with increased temperature, population, soil erosion, elevation and terrain undulation. SOM rises with increased precipitation, initially decreases with increasing GDP but then increases, and varies by soil type and land use. Conclusions about detailed impacts are presented in this paper. For example, wind erosion has a more significant effect than water erosion, and irrigated land has a lower SOM content than dry land. Based on the study results, protection measures, including conservation tillage, farmland shelterbelts, cross-slope ridges, terraces, and rainfed farming are recommended. The conversion of high-quality farmland to non-farm uses should be prohibited.

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Root exposure to apple replant disease soil triggers local defense response and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiab031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alicia Balbín-Suárez ◽

Samuel Jacquiod ◽

Annmarie-Deetja Rohr ◽

Benye Liu ◽

Henryk Flachowsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Plant Defense ◽

Defense Response ◽

Soil Column ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Control Soil ◽

Apple Rootstocks ◽

Apple Replant Disease ◽

Replant Disease

Abstract A soil column split-root experiment was designed to investigate the ability of apple replant disease (ARD) causing agents to spread in soil. ‘M26’ apple rootstocks grew into a top layer of Control soil, followed by a barrier-free split-soil layer (Control soil/ARD soil). We observed a severely reduced root growth, concomitant with enhanced gene expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and phytoalexin content in roots from ARD soil, indicating a pronounced local plant defense response. Amplicon sequencing (bacteria, archaea, fungi) revealed local shifts in diversity and composition of microorganisms in the rhizoplane of roots from ARD soil. An enrichment of OTUs affiliated to potential ARD fungal pathogens (Ilyonectria and Nectria sp.) and bacteria frequently associated with ARD (Streptomyces, Variovorax) was noted. In conclusion, our integrated study supports the idea of ARD being local and not spreading into surrounding soil, as only the roots in ARD soil were affected in terms of growth, phytoalexin biosynthetic gene expression, phytoalexin production, and altered microbiome structure. This study further reinforces the microbiological nature of ARD, being likely triggered by a disturbed soil microbiome enriched with low mobility ARD-causing agents that induce a strong plant defense and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis, concurring with root damage.

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