scholarly journals Posture-induced changes in the vessels of the head and neck: evaluation using conventional supine CT and upright CT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenzo Kosugi ◽  
Yoshitake Yamada ◽  
Minoru Yamada ◽  
Yoichi Yokoyama ◽  
Hirokazu Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
The Right

Abstract Since the venous system is affected by gravity, upright computed tomography (CT) in addition to conventional supine CT has great potential for evaluating postural changes in the venous system. We evaluated the morphological differences in the head and neck vessels by performing a contrast CT study in both the supine and the sitting positions. In this study, the 20 included participants (10 men and 10 women) were healthy adults aged 30 to 55 years. The cross-sectional area of the cervical vessels, craniocervical junction veins, and intracranial vessels were obtained quantitatively. Venous sinuses and venous plexuses that were difficult to measure were evaluated qualitatively. The average change in areas from a supine to an upright posture was − 77.87 ± 15.99% (P < 0.0001) in the right internal jugular vein (IJV), − 69.42 ± 23.15% (P < 0.0001) in the left IJV, − 61.52 ± 12.81% (P < 0.0001) in the right external jugular vein (EJV), and − 58.91 ± 17.37% (P < 0.0001) in the left EJV. In contrast, the change in the anterior condylar vein (ACV) from a supine to an upright posture was approximately + 144% (P < 0.005) on the right side and + 110% (P < 0.05) on the left side. In addition, according to the qualitative analysis, the posterior venous structures including the anterior condylar confluence (ACC) of the craniocervical junction became more prominent in an upright posture. Despite these changes, the intracranial vessels showed almost no change between postures. From a supine to an upright position, the IJVs and EJVs above the heart collapsed, and venous channels including the ACCs and ACVs opened, switching the main cerebral venous drainage from the IJVs to the vertebral venous system. Upright head CT angiography can be useful for investigating physiological and pathophysiological hemodynamics of the venous system accompanying postural changes.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE VARIATIONS OF THE SUPERFICIAL JUGULAR VEINS: CASE REPORT AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Paraskevas ◽  
Konstantinos Natsis ◽  
Orestis Ioannidis ◽  
Panagiotis Kitsoulis ◽  
Nikolaos Anastasopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internal Jugular Veins

The jugular venous system constitutes the primary venous drainage of the head and neck. It includes a profundus or subfascial venous system, formed by the two internal jugular veins, and a superficial or subcutaneous one, formed by the two anterior and two external jugular veins. We report one case of unilateral anatomical variations of the external and anterior jugular veins. Particularly, on the right side, three external jugular veins co-existed with two anterior jugular veins. Such a combination of venous anomalies is extremely rare. The awareness of the variability of these veins is essential to anesthesiologists and radiologists, since the external jugular vein constitutes a common route for catheterization. Their knowledge is also important to surgeons performing head and neck surgery.

scholarly journals Undivided Retromandibular Vein Leading to the Absence of External Jugular Vein

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Y. Rao ◽  
Vaishnavi Ballal ◽  
B. Murlimanju ◽  
Mangala Pai ◽  
Mamatha Tonse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Physician ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe report a case of undivided retromandibular vein (RV) that was associated with the absence of external jugular vein (EJV). This variation in the jugular venous system was observed on the right side of the neck of a male cadaver. The posterior auricular vein drained into the RV, which joined the facial vein resulting in a common trunk. This common trunk then drained directly into the internal jugular vein (IJV) thus bypassing the whole venous drainage area of the EJV. It is believed that the knowledge about the venous variations, as in the present case, is enlightening to the clinicians. The preoperative evaluation of the venous system is essential to prevent complications like catastrophic bleeding and embolism. The knowledge may guide the emergency physician for a quicker cannulation of the veins.

scholarly journals Facial Vein Variation: A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2547 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Background: The veins of the head and neck have a complex developmental pattern which predisposes them to variations in formation and drainage. Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilized for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe anatomical variation and determined the position of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 16 males and 2 females, i.e. 36 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 34 sides (94.5 %) of the cases the facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The facial vein on two sides (5.5 %) was found to drain into the external jugular vein with different degree of angulations and variable distance from the angle of the mandible. On the right side, the facial vein was draining into external jugular vein (EJV), 63.6 mm below the angle of the mandible. On the left side, the facial vein was draining into EJV, 42.4 mm below the angle of the mandible. The length of the neck was 137.8 mm.  The mean distance of the superior and inferior labial veins, deep facial vein, and angular vein from the inferior orbital margin was 41.89 ± 3.01, 52.31 ± 3.72, 26.85 ± 3.55 and 6.25 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Conclusion: A sound knowledge on variation of the course and termination of facial vein is very useful for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otorrhinologists and radiologists, is essentially important in the clinical examination and surgical procedures of the head and neck region.

Biplane Color Flow Duplex Intravenous Intravascular Ultrasound for Arterial Visualization

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh G. Beebe ◽  
Shahin Assadnia ◽  
Andrew V. Kriegel ◽  
Sergio X. Salles-Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Linear Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To describe a feasibility study in a sheep model using an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) instrument in an intravenous position to produce color flow, B-mode images of arterial segments along with Doppler blood flow velocities. Methods: Four healthy adult male sheep were anesthetized for surgical exposure of the right external jugular vein. A 9.0F sheath was also introduced in the common femoral artery for arteriography and device insertion. A 7.5-MHz ultrasound probe with 1-cm graduation markers was passed into the jugular vein. B-mode and color flow pictures were captured at aortic branches in cross and longitudinal sections. Length measurements between aortic branches and Doppler spectral velocities were obtained. Guidewire, balloon, and stent maneuvers were monitored by the stationary intravenous IVUS probe. Results: High-quality visualization of the entire abdominal aorta and its branches was achieved in all animals. With the probe stationary in the vena cava, a 1.5-cm linear segment of the aorta could be continuously observed in both B-mode and color flow ultrasound scans. Insertion and implantation of a Palmaz balloon-expandable stent was guided by intravenous IVUS alone. Selective catheterization of the right renal artery was followed visually by moving the intravenous IVUS probe sequentially. Conclusions: Intravenous IVUS appears feasible as a guidance and monitoring tool for endovascular interventions. While conventional IVUS provides only cross-sectional images in B-mode, intravenous IVUS captures color flow and Doppler velocity data as well. These added ultrasound modalities may offer potential advantages for guidance of endovascular procedures and endoleak detection.

scholarly journals Termination of the facial vein into the external jugular vein: an anatomical variation

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhani Sumalatha D'Silva ◽  
Thejodhar Pulakunta ◽  
Bhagath Kumar Potu
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anterior Division

Different patterns of variations in the venous drainage have been observed in the past. During routine dissection in our Department of Anatomy, an unusual drainage pattern of the veins of the left side of the face of a middle aged cadaver was observed. The facial vein presented a normal course from its origin up to the base of mandible, and then it crossed the base of mandible posteriorly to the facial artery. Thereafter, it joined with the anterior division of retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, which drained into the external jugular vein directly. Sound anatomic knowledge of the above variation in facial veins is essential to the success of surgical procedures in this region.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Univent® Endotracheal Tube on Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schummer ◽  
C. Schummer ◽  
R. Frober ◽  
J. Fuchs ◽  
M. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Left Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

This prospective clinical investigation assessed the effect of placement of a Univent® tube on the anatomy of the internal jugular veins and the success of cannulation of the left internal jugular vein. After obtaining informed consent, 48 adult patients were enrolled. Of these, 42 patients were eligible and were divided into two groups: Univent® tube (group U, n=21) and wire enforced endotracheal tube (group C, n=21). The Univent® tube group were having a left thoracotomy. Using horizontal ultrasound scans just above the thyroid gland, the internal jugular vein was visualized and measured before and after Univent® placement. The number of needle passes necessary to cannulate the left internal jugular vein in the two groups was also compared. Univent® tubes were associated with lateral displacement of the right carotid artery and internal jugular vein on the convex side of the Univent® tube, with compression of the right internal jugular vein by the artery, resulting in a kidney-shaped cross-section of the vein. On the left (concave side of the tube), the neck was indented, the sheath of the left carotid artery was displaced medially, and the left internal jugular vein distorted to an ellipse. There was a significant increase in the lateral diameter and a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the left internal jugular vein (t-test, P<0.05). The first attempt at cannulation of the left internal jugular vein failed significantly more often in the Univent® group (13/21 vs 5/21 in group C, Chi-square 6.22, P=0.025). Cannulation of the internal jugular vein before placement of the Univent® tube, or placement with ultrasound guidance is suggested.

scholarly journals Unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein along with multiple venous anomalies in neck and its clinical importance

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 093-095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmoni Jana
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Venous Anomalies ◽  
Rare Site ◽  
The Right

AbstractNeck veins are important for various diagnostic, therapeutic and experimental procedures. So knowledge of their anatomical variation is also important. The author reports an unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein with multiple venous anomalies in the neck. A rare site of formation of the right brachiocephalic vein was found at the middle of neck under the right sternocleido mastoid muscle by union of right internal jugular and subclavian vein. Another observation was of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins joined together and formed a common vein over the sternocleidomastoid muscle that drained into the external jugular vein. This unusual course of brachiocephalic vein and aberrant drainage of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins may cause unusual bleeding during surgeries and invasive procedures. So clinicians should be aware of these variations of major neck veins to avoid complications.

J-Wire versus Straight Wire for Central Venous System Cannulation via the External Jugular Vein

1982 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 536???537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey D. Blitt ◽  
George L. Carlson ◽  
Will A. Wright ◽  
Charles W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Straight Wire
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