scholarly journals The association between birth by cesarean section and adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of 339,451 Swedish males

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas D. Ekstrom ◽  
Viktor H. Ahlqvist ◽  
Margareta Persson ◽  
Cecilia Magnusson ◽  
Daniel Berglind
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Birth Characteristics ◽  
Ergometer Test

Abstract Birth by cesarean section is increasing worldwide and associates with offspring morbidities capable of adversely impacting cardiorespiratory fitness later in life. Whether birth by cesarean section associates with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness later in life is unknown and is of interest to public health. Four Swedish national registers were linked to follow 339,451 singleton males, born between 1973–1987 until December 31 2005, for Watt-maximum achieved on a cycle ergometer test at conscription into the Swedish military. Main exposure was birth by cesarean section which was compared to vaginal birth. A sub-population of 45,999 males born between 1982–1987 was identified to explore differentiated associations between elective and non-elective cesarean section with Watt-maximum. Within-family analyses of 34,252 families with 70,632 biological male siblings, who conscripted during the study period, were performed to explore the role of familial confounding on Watt-maximum. Swedish males born by cesarean section achieved lower mean Watt-maximum (− 2.32 W, 95%C.I. − 2.90 to − 1.75) and displayed excess odds of low cardiorespiratory fitness (aOR = 1.08, 95%C.I. 1.05 to 1.11) at conscription in the eighteenth life-year compared to males born vaginally after adjusting for birth characteristics, maternal morbidities and parental socioeconomic position. In the sub-population, males born 1982–1987, there was a greater negative association of elective cesarean section with cardiorespiratory fitness (− 4.42 W, 95%C.I. − 6.27 to − 2.57, p < 0.001) than non-elective cesarean sections (− 1.96 W, 95%C.I. − 3.77 to − 0.16, p = 0.033) as compared to vaginal births. No associations between modes of cesarean delivery and cardiorespiratory fitness levels persisted in the within-family analyses where biological male siblings were compared whilst controlling for factors shared within families. Males born by cesarean section had lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness eighteen years later compared to males born vaginally. These findings appear to be largely explained by factors of familial confounding.

scholarly journals Anandamide Exerts a Differential Effect on Human Placenta Before and After the Onset of Labor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Accialini ◽  
Cyntia Abán ◽  
Tomás Etcheverry ◽  
Mercedes Negri Malbrán ◽  
Gustavo Leguizamón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Relevant Finding

The onset of labor involves the action of multiple factors and recent reports have postulated the endocannabinoid system as a new regulator of this process. Our objective was to study the role of anandamide, one of the main endocannabinoids, on the regulation of placental molecules that contribute to the onset of labor at term. Placental samples were obtained from patients with laboring vaginal deliveries and from non-laboring elective cesarean sections. Vaginal delivery placentas produced higher prostaglandins levels than cesarean section samples. Besides, no differences were observed in NOS basal activity between groups. Incubation of vaginal delivery placentas with anandamide increased prostaglandins concentration and decreased NOS activity. Antagonism of type-1cannabinoid receptor (CB1) did not alter the effect observed on NOS activity. Conversely, incubation of cesarean section placentas with anandamide reduced prostaglandins levels and enhanced NOS activity, the latter involving the participation of CB1. Furthermore, we observed a differential expression of the main components of the endocannabinoid system between placental samples, being the change in CB1 localization the most relevant finding. Our results suggest that anandamide acts as a modulator of the signals that regulate labor, exerting differential actions depending on CB1 localization in laboring or non-laboring term placentas.

A Clinical Method for Estimation of VO2max Using Seismocardiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Kasper Sørensen ◽  
Mathias Krogh Poulsen ◽  
Dan Stieper Karbing ◽  
Peter Søgaard ◽  
Johannes Jan Struijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Aortic Valve Closure ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Ergometer Test

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the seismocardiogram and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness can be estimated as VO2max using non-exercise algorithms, but the results can be inaccurate. Healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Seismocardiogram and electrocardiogram were recorded at rest. VO2max was measured during a maximal effort cycle ergometer test. Amplitudes and timing intervals were extracted from the seismocardiogram and used in combination with demographic data in a non-exercise prediction model for VO2max. 26 subjects were included, 17 females. Mean age: 38.3±9.1 years. The amplitude following the aortic valve closure derived from the seismocardiogram had a significant correlation of 0.80 (p<0.001) to VO2max. This feature combined with age, sex and BMI in the prediction model, yields a correlation to VO2max of 0.90 (p<0.001, 95% CI: 0.83–0.94) and a standard error of the estimate of 3.21 mL·kg−1·min−1 . The seismocardiogram carries information about the cardiorespiratory fitness. When comparing to other non-exercise models the proposed model performs better, even after cross validation. The model is limited when tracking changes in VO2max. The method could be used in the clinic for a more accurate estimation of VO2max compared to current non-exercise methods.

scholarly journals Reliability of a Progressive Maximal Cycle Ergometer Test to Assess Peak Oxygen Uptake in Children With Mild to Moderate Cerebral Palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel-Anne Brehm ◽  
Astrid C.J. Balemans ◽  
Jules G. Becher ◽  
Annet J. Dallmeijer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Maximal Cycle ◽  
Gmfcs Level

BackgroundRehabilitation research in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is increasingly addressing cardiorespiratory fitness testing. However, evidence on the reliability of peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) measurements, considered the best indicator of aerobic fitness, is not available in this population.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish the reliability of a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test when assessing V̇o2peak in children with mild to moderate CP.DesignRepeated measures were used to assess test-retest reliability.MethodsEligible participants were ambulant, 6 to 14 years of age, and classified as level I, II, or III according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Two progressive maximal cycle ergometer tests were conducted (separated by 3 weeks), with the workload increasing every minute in steps of 3 to 11 W, dependent on height and GMFCS level. Reliability was determined by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,1]) and smallest detectable change (SDC).ResultsTwenty-one children participated (GMFCS I: n=4; GMFCS II: n=12; and GMFCS III: n=5). Sixteen of them (9 boys, 7 girls; GMFCS I: n=3; GMFCS II: n=11; and GMFCS III: n=2) performed 2 successful tests, separated by 9.5 days on average. Reliability for V̇o2peak was excellent (ICC=.94, 95% confidence interval=.83–.98). The SDC was 5.72 mL/kg/min, reflecting 14.6% of the mean.LimitationsThe small sample size did not allow separate analysis of reliability per GMFCS level.ConclusionsIn children with CP of GMFCS levels I and II, a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test to assess V̇o2peak is reliable and has the potential to detect change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time. Further study is needed to establish the reliability of V̇o2peak in children of GMFCS level III.

Report of a Case of Annular Pancreas of the Newborn in Two Consecutive Siblings

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-150
Author(s):  
R. C. Montgomery ◽  
M. H. Poindexter ◽  
G. H. Hall ◽  
John E. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Annular Pancreas ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Previous Cesarean ◽  
High Intestinal Obstruction

Annular pancreas presenting as high intestinal obstruction in the newborn has been reported on numerous occasions.14 The purpose of this paper is to report the occurrence of annular pancreas causing duodenal obstruction in the newborn in two consecutive siblings. Case Reports Case 1, D.B., a male, was born August 31, 1966. The mother was gravida III, para II. Her expected date of confinement was September 12, 1966. The pregnancy had been uneventful except that she had minimal polyhydramnios. The mother had been on no medications during her pregnancy except a prenatal vitamin and iron. On August 31, 1966 the mother underwent an elective cesarean section because of previous cesarean sections which were performed for cephalo-pelvic disproportion.

The Reliability and Validity of the 9-Minute Run in Third-Grade Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Turley ◽  
Jack H. Wilmore ◽  
Bruce Simons-Morton ◽  
Jean M. Williston ◽  
Jackie Reeds Epping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Ergometer Test

This study was designed to determine the validity and reliability of the 9-min distance run in assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in third-grade children. Fifty-one children (27 girls and 24 boys) participated in at least one maximal cycle ergometer test to determine peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and in two 9-min runs. Significant (p < .01) test-retest intraclass correlations indicated that both the peak cycle ergometer test and the 9-min run were reliable measures in boys and girls and when the total sample was combined. Interclass correlations of r = .62 and r = .64 were attained between V̇O2peak (ml·kg−1·min−1) and 9-min Run 1 and 9-min Run 2, respectively. When data were separated by gender, 9-min Run 1 and 9-min Run 2 correlated to V̇O2peak (r = .56 and r = .48 for the girls and r = .65 and r = .71 for the boys, respectively). These results suggest that the 9-min distance run is a reasonably valid and highly reliable field test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in third-grade children.

scholarly journals STOMACH SECRETORY FUNCTION UNDER MUSCLE LOAD IN THE CONDITIONS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL BLOCADE OF M-CHOLINORECEPTORS AND β-ADRENOCEPTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
A Kuznetsov ◽  
L Smelysheva ◽  
O Arkhipova ◽  
A Moskovkin ◽  
N Sazhina
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Duodenal Acidification ◽  
Pharmacological Blockade ◽  
Ergometer Test

Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of muscle load on the stomach secretory function in the conditions of partial pharmacological blockade of M-cholinoreceptors and β-adrenoceptors in patients with duodenal acidification. Materials and methods. 22 males aged 18–23 years participated in the study. The stomach secretory function at rest under a 30-minute cycle ergometer load of 36 900 kgm combined with a partial pharmacological blockade of M-cholinoreceptors (1.5 mg per kg of body mass) and β-adrenoceptors (0.6 mg obsidan per kg of body mass) was studied using gastric and gastroduodenal intubation. Results. The blockade of M-cholinoreceptors at muscle rest provoked a noticeable decrease in the total content of electrolytes (p < 0.01), enzymes (p < 0.001), HCL (p < 0.001), and proteolytic activity (p < 0.001) in gastric juice. The combined activity of atropine and physical load in the conditions of duodenal acidification inhibited the amount of secretion significantly to 49.9 ± 11.1%, HCl to 29.7 ± 9.4%, pepsinogen to 19.8 ± 7.4% (p ˂ 0.001). The blockade of β-adrenoceptors significantly decreased the stomach secretory function in the conditions of basal secretion and duodenal acidification. After using a 10% dried cabbage decoction as a stimulator we registered an increase in the amount of secretion up to 141.1 ± 12.2%, HCl discharge – to 186.3 ± 21.9%, and pepsinogen – to 188.5 ± 20.4%. The same tendency was registered for the cycle ergometer test in the conditions of the blockade of β-adrenoceptors. Conclusion. The effect of muscle load on the stomach secretory function contributes significantly to the role of the sympathetic nervous system. Duodenal acidification in the conditions of the blockade of β-adrenoceptors intensifies the inhibitory effect, while stimulation with a dry cabbage decoction improves the stomach secretory function.

scholarly journals Incidental Discovery of Ovary Cystadenofibroma during Cesarean Section: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Russo BC ◽  
Bessa FL ◽  
Madeira FOP ◽  
Wulf IG ◽  
Lima IL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Incidental Discovery ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Serous cystadenofibroma of the ovary is a cystic neoplasm containing fibrous component, and lining of high, cylindrical, and ciliated epithelial cells surrounded by clear serous fluid, with smooth or papillary surface and abundant vessels. Serous cystadenofibroma in the present case report was an incidental discovery observed during an abdominal and pelvic cavity review performed in a 39-week elective cesarean section applied to in a 32-year-old patient who presented uneventful pregnancy. The importance of conducting inventories of these cavities during cesarean sections to identify asymptomatic adnexal masses unseen in prenatal ultrasonography is clear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document