scholarly journals Trends in neonatal intensive care unit admissions by race/ethnicity in the United States, 2008–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngran Kim ◽  
Cecilia Ganduglia-Cazaban ◽  
Wenyaw Chan ◽  
MinJae Lee ◽  
David C. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

AbstractTo examine temporal trends of NICU admissions in the U.S. by race/ethnicity, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using natality files provided by the National Center for Health Statistics at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 38,011,843 births in 2008–2018 were included. Crude and risk-adjusted NICU admission rates, overall and stratified by birth weight group, were compared between white, black, and Hispanic infants. Crude NICU admission rates increased from 6.62% (95% CI 6.59–6.65) to 9.07% (95% CI 9.04–9.10) between 2008 and 2018. The largest percentage increase was observed among Hispanic infants (51.4%) compared to white (29.1%) and black (32.4%) infants. Overall risk-adjusted rates differed little by race/ethnicity, but birth weight-stratified analysis revealed that racial/ethnic differences diminished in the very low birth weight (< 1500 g) and moderately low birth weight (1500–2499 g) groups. Overall NICU admission rates increased by 37% from 2008 to 2018, and the increasing trends were observed among all racial and ethnic groups. Diminished racial/ethnic differences in NICU admission rates in very low birth weight infants may reflect improved access to timely appropriate NICU care among high-risk infants through increasing health care coverage coupled with growing NICU supply.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic differences in necrotizing enterocolitis incidence and outcomes in premature very low birth weight infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1386-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momodou L. Jammeh ◽  
Obinna O. Adibe ◽  
Elisabeth T. Tracy ◽  
Henry E. Rice ◽  
Reese H. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Low Birth Weight, Vital Records, and Infant Mortality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1145
Author(s):  
MYRON E. WEGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Almost All

About one tenth of all infant deaths occur in babies weighing less than 500 g at birth, almost all of whom die very shortly thereafter. In 1983, when the United States reported 3,638,933 live births, 4,368 of them were less than 500 g; that year there were 26,507 neonatal deaths. This means that slightly more than 0.1% of all live births contributed to 17% of neonatal mortality. Given this order of magnitude, any change in the numbers relating to these tiny babies can have a disproportionate influence on reported infant mortality and on interstate comparisons. Two questions promptly arise. How accurate and meaningful are the data regarding babies born weighing less than 500 g? What can be done to decrease the deaths in this category? Wilson et al1 call attention to how the number of very low birth weight infants reported by a state may be affected by the state's definition of a live birth.

Will Neonatology Vanish in 1995?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
EMILE PAPIERNIK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

In Reply.— The interest of neonatologists in preventing preterm deliveries is remarkable in the United States. In France, where a policy of prevention was developed nationally in 1971, the first impulse also came from the neonatologists and specifically Alex Minkowski, who challenged the obstetricians to propose a real prevention program. The results of this program have now been published.1 incidence of very low birth weight infants in France in 1972 was 0.8 and in 1981 0.4.2

scholarly journals IS BEING A PREMATURE OR HAVING ABNORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AMONG 6 - 17 YEARS OLD U.S. CHILDREN?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e51-e51
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Bahassan ◽  
Colin Depp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract BACKGROUND Reports in 2015 showed that premature birth rate in the United States increased when compared to 2014 data, and this was the first increment since 2007. Major complications of prematurity and birth weight abnormalities are well known, but other complications including mental health abnormalities require more investigation to understand their association well. OBJECTIVES We aimed in this study to determine if prematurity and birth weight abnormalities including very low birth weight (VLBW) and low birth weight (LBW) are associated with depression among United States children aged between six and seventeen years old. ​ DESIGN/METHODS This is a cross sectional study using data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2011–2012. When we applied our selection criteria, 84,182 children out of the total 95,677 NSCH population were selected. Our exclusion criteria were: age less than six years, child’s history of cerebral palsy, and mental retardation. Multivariable logistic regression was done to control for confounding effects when studying the association of prematurity, birth weight abnormalities and depression. ​ RESULTS Our results reveal that 3.6% of our population had history of depression, 11% were born prematurely, 7.4% had low birth weight, and 1.5% had very low birth weight. Depression was more frequent in children who were born prematurely (prevalence 4.3%) when compared to children born at term. Different models were built to analyze the association between prematurity, birth weight abnormalities and depression. There was no detectable statistically significant association when controlling for demographic data (age, gender, race, family structure) and mental health risk factors (parental poor mental health, chronic health conditions) as well as other factors. Results reveal that children who had chronic health conditions or had adverse family experiences have greater odds of having depression. On the other hand, African-American, male, and younger (6–11 years old) children have lower odds of depression. ​ CONCLUSION Further longitudinal studies are required to establish a causal relationship of behavioral and psychological complications, and to determine the biological mechanisms of brain development that could be associated with depression among premature infants or those who have birth weight abnormalities.

scholarly journals Changes in live births, preterm birth, low birth weight, and cesarean deliveries in the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Gemmill ◽  
Joan A. Casey ◽  
Ralph Catalano ◽  
Deborah Karasek ◽  
Tim-Allen Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Live Births

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and associated social, economic, and clinical disruption have been widely speculated to affect pregnancy decision-making and outcomes. While a few US-based studies have examined subnational changes in fertility, preterm birth, and stillbirth, there remains limited knowledge of how the pandemic impacted childbearing and a broader set of perinatal health indicators at the national-level throughout 2020. Here, we use recently released national-level data to fill this gap. Importantly, we, unlike earlier work, use time-series methods to account for strong temporal patterning (e.g., seasonality, trend) that could otherwise lead to spurious findings. Methods: For the years 2015 to 2020, we obtained national monthly counts of births and rates (per 100 births) for six perinatal indicators: preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation), early preterm birth (<34 weeks gestation), late preterm birth (34-36 weeks gestation), low birth weight birth (<2500 g), very low birth weight birth (<1500 g), and cesarean delivery. We use an interrupted time-series approach to compare the outcomes observed after the pandemic began (March 2020) to those expected had the pandemic not occurred. Results: For total births as well as five of the six indicators (i.e., all but the rate of cesarean delivery), observed values fall well below expected levels (p<.0001 for each test) during the entire pandemic period. Declines in preterm birth and low birth weight were largest in magnitude in both early and later stages of the 2020 pandemic, while those for live births occurred at the end of the year. Discussion: Our findings provide some of the first national evidence of substantial reductions in live births and adverse perinatal outcomes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Only cesarean delivery appeared unaffected. These declines were not uniform across the pandemic, suggesting that several mechanisms, which require further study, may explain these patterns.

scholarly journals Trends in Cigar Use in the United States, 2002–2016: Diverging Trends by Race/Ethnicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Cristine D Delnevo ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Although there are racial/ethnic differences in cigarette use, little is known about how non-cigarette tobacco use differs among racial/ethnic groups. This study investigated trends in cigar use from 2002 to 2016, by racial/ethnic group, in nationally representative US data. Methods Data were drawn from the 2002–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use data files (total analytic sample n = 630 547 including 54 060 past-month cigar users). Linear time trends of past-month cigar use were examined by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity) using logistic regression models. Results In 2016, the prevalence of past-month cigar use was significantly higher among NH Black respondents than among other racial/ethnic groups (ps &lt; .001). Cigar use was also higher among NH White respondents than among Hispanic and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents. The year by racial/ethnic group interaction was significant (p &lt; .001). Past-month cigar use decreased significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH White and Hispanic respondents (ps = .001), whereas no change in prevalence was observed among NH Black (p = .779) and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents (p = .152). Cigar use decreased for NH White men (p &lt; .001) and did not change for NH White women (p = .884). Conversely, cigar use increased for NH Black women (p &lt; .001) and did not change for NH Black men (p = .546). Conclusions Cigar use remains significantly more common among NH Black individuals in the United States and is not declining among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity individuals over time, in contrast to declines among NH White and Hispanic individuals. Implications This study identified racial/ethnic differences in trends in past-month cigar use over 15 years among annual cross-sectional samples of US individuals. The highest prevalence of cigar use in 2016 was found among NH Black individuals. In addition, cigar use prevalence did not decline from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity groups over time, in contrast to NH White and Hispanic groups. Further, cigar use increased over time for NH Black women. Targeted public health and clinical efforts may be needed to decrease the prevalence of cigar use, especially for NH Black individuals.

Impact of Improved Survival of Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Recent Secular Trends in the Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094-1100
Author(s):  
Vidya Bhushan ◽  
Nigel Paneth ◽  
John L. Kiely
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Objective. To review recent secular trends in the prevalence of cerebral palsy in industrialized countries that have population-based cerebral palsy registries and to estimate such time-trends for the United States, where until recently such registries were absent. Data sources. Recent epidemiologic studies of cerebral palsy published in peer-reviewed journals in English, and US vital data bearing on the principal demographic determinants of cerebral palsy—birth rates, the birth weight distributions, birth weight-specific mortality risk, and cerebral palsy risk among survivors. Results. Most epidemiologic studies from industrialized countries show a rise in the childhood prevalence of cerebral palsy in recent decades, largely because of the increasing contribution of children of low and very low birth weight to its prevalence. The only demographic determinant of cerebral palsy prevalence that is changing rapidly in the United States is survival of low birth weight and very low birth weight infants. Based on the magnitude of change in the survival of low and very low birth weight infants, it is estimated that childhood prevalence of cerebral palsy rose about 20% between 1960 and 1986 in the United States. Conclusion. An apparently unavoidable side effect of the increasing success of newborn intensive care is a moderate rise in the childhood prevalence of cerebral palsy.

Feeding the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Rene Romero ◽  
Ronald E. Kleinman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Organ Systems

Unfortunately, premature birth occurs commonly in the United States. Improving the survival of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants depends in large part upon understanding the physiologic capabilities of their immature organ systems and providing appropriate support as they mature. Advances in the nutritional support of these infants have contributed to the better outcomes we have come to expect today, even for the smallest infants. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of gastrointestinal function and the unique nutritional requirements of very low-birth-weight infants and describe the current methods of enteral and parenteral nutrition support used to meet these requirements. Developmental Physiology By 24 to 26 weeks of gestation, the fetal gastrointestinal tract is morphologically similar to that of the full-term infant; however, functional development is far from complete. Maturation of gastrointestinal motility, digestion, and absorption continues through much of the first year of life, even in full-term infants, as a result of an interplay between the preprogrammed "biological clock" and environmental influences. The decision to feed the VLBW infant must take into account the developmental limitations as well as the potential for enhancing intestinal maturation at each stage of development (Table 1). Fetal swallowing is evident at the beginning of the second trimester.

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