scholarly journals Elevated serum S14 levels are associated with more severe liver steatosis by ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ti Lin ◽  
Kuen-Cheh Yang ◽  
Yen-Ting Chen ◽  
Kuo-Chin Huang ◽  
Wei-Shiung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Ultrasound Score ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractS14 has been identified as a potent stimulator of de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) in rodents. However, it is unclear how S14 is regulated in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum S14 and liver steatosis in humans with NAFLD. A total of 614 participants were recruited from community. Liver steatosis were evaluated according to the Ultrasonographic Fatty Liver Indicator (US-FLI), which is a semi-quantitative liver ultrasound score. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were collected for further analysis. The risk of liver steatosis severity was estimated by a cumulative logistic regression model. NAFLD was found in 52.2% of the participants. The subjects with NAFLD showed higher levels of waist circumference, body mass index, insulin resistance, aspartate aminotransferase, dyslipidemia, visceral fat, serum S14 and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than those of controls. Compared with the first tertile of serum S14, the odds ratios for the risk of more severe liver steatosis were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.92) for those of the second tertile and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.28–3.39) for the third tertile (P for trend < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding factors. Higher serum S14 level was not only found in NAFLD subjects but also was positively correlated with the severity of liver steatosis. S14 may play an important role in the mechanism of DNL for NAFLD in humans.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Role of AMPK on De Novo Lipogenesis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Evidence from Human Studies

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Christian von Loeffelholz ◽  
Sina M. Coldewey ◽  
Andreas L. Birkenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as metabolic sensor in mammalian cells that becomes activated by an increasing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. The heterotrimeric AMPK protein comprises three subunits, each of which has multiple phosphorylation sites, playing an important role in the regulation of essential molecular pathways. By phosphorylation of downstream proteins and modulation of gene transcription AMPK functions as a master switch of energy homeostasis in tissues with high metabolic turnover, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Regulation of AMPK under conditions of chronic caloric oversupply emerged as substantial research target to get deeper insight into the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Evidence supporting the role of AMPK in NAFLD is mainly derived from preclinical cell culture and animal studies. Dysbalanced de novo lipogenesis has been identified as one of the key processes in NAFLD pathogenesis. Thus, the scope of this review is to provide an integrative overview of evidence, in particular from clinical studies and human samples, on the role of AMPK in the regulation of primarily de novo lipogenesis in human NAFLD.

Non-Invasive Approaches to Estimate Liver Steatosis and Stiffness in Children with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Yodoshi ◽  
Sarah Orkin ◽  
Andrew T. Trout ◽  
Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar ◽  
Kristin Bramlage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Fruits and Vegetables Supplementation in Mice is Associated with Their Antioxidant Property

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1523-1523
Author(s):  
Weimin Guo ◽  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Lijun Li ◽  
Edwin Ortega ◽  
Yankun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Objectives Previously we showed that supplementing a high fat diet (HFD) with a freeze-dried powder of 24 commonly consumed fruits and vegetables (F&V) prevented HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since the experimental diets were isocaloric with major difference being in their antioxidant content, we hypothesized that the observed effects of F&V maybe due to their antioxidant property resulting in reduced formation of inflammatory cytokines and lipids such as TNF-α and sphingolipid ceramides. Both TNF-α and ceramides have been implicated as risk factors for NFALD. The objective of this study was to test the above hypothesis. Methods Six-wk-old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomized to three groups (12/group) to receive one of the following diets: low fat (LF, 10% kcal fat), high fat (HF, 45% kcal fat), and HF plus 15% freeze-dried mixture of F&V (HF + F&V). After 20 weeks, mice were euthanized, blood and liver samples were collected for analyses of cytokines, lipids, and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation biomarker, and pathways involved in ceramide formation. Results Mice fed the HF diet had significantly higher liver steatosis and plasma and/or liver ceramides, TNF-α, and MDA compared to those fed the LF diet. However, F&V supplementation prevented HF diet-induced NAFLD and significantly reduced upregulated TNF-α, ceramide, and MDA levels. Because of key role of ceramides in NFALD development, we further determined the mechanism of F&V-induced decrease in ceramide formation focusing on de novo synthesis and activity of sphingomyelinase (SMase), the enzyme that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to generate ceramide and is modulated by oxidative stress. There was no difference in de novo ceramide synthesis; however, F&V supplementation significantly prevented HF-induced higher SMase activity. Further, liver MDA levels were positively correlated with levels of ceramides, TNF-α, SMase activity, and liver steatosis area. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that prevention of NFALD by F&V might be mediated through reduction in oxidative stress, consequently suppressing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting SMase activity that leads to reduction of ceramide levels. Funding Sources This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (ARS), under Agreement No. 58-1950-4-003.

scholarly journals Relationship between triglyceride glucose index and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly: a retrospective cohort study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039804
Author(s):  
Chen Huanan ◽  
Li Sangsang ◽  
Adwoa Nyantakyiwaa Amoah ◽  
Bo Yacong ◽  
Chen Xuejiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major causes of liver-related diseases but relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) and NAFLD in the elderly is not reported yet. In this study, we investigated the role of TyG index for predicting the incidence of NAFLD in the elderly.Design and settingThis is a prospective cohort study in Henan, China, from 2011 to 2018.Participants and methodsIn total, 46 693 elderly who participated in a routine physical examination programme from 2011 to 2018 were included in this study. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)×fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2), while NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis after excluding other causes based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography; Cox regression model was performed to explore the relationship between TyG index and NAFLD. Also, mediation effect was used to analyse the role of the TyG index in WHtR (waist-to-height ratio) and NAFLD.ResultsDuring the 149 041 person-years follow-up, a total of 5660 NAFLD events occurred (3.80/100 person-years). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, quartiles 4 of TyG index significantly increased the incidence of NAFLD compared with quartile 1, the HRs and 95% CI were 1.314 (1.234 to 1.457). In addition, TyG index played a partial mediating role in the relationship between WHtR and NAFLD and indirect effect was 1.009 (1.006 to 1.011).ConclusionHigher TyG index was associated with higher risk of NAFLD in the aged, and therefore, TyG index may be a novel predictor for incidence of NAFLD. Further, regular examination and evaluation of the TyG index might be useful for controlling the occurrence of NAFLD.

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