scholarly journals Assessing cerebral blood flow, oxygenation and cytochrome c oxidase stability in preterm infants during the first 3 days after birth

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Rajaram ◽  
Daniel Milej ◽  
Marianne Suwalski ◽  
Lilian Kebaya ◽  
Matthew Kewin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA major concern with preterm birth is the risk of neurodevelopmental disability. Poor cerebral circulation leading to periods of hypoxia is believed to play a significant role in the etiology of preterm brain injury, with the first three days of life considered the period when the brain is most vulnerable. This study focused on monitoring cerebral perfusion and metabolism during the first 72 h after birth in preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. Brain monitoring was performed by combining hyperspectral near-infrared spectroscopy to assess oxygen saturation and the oxidation state of cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO), with diffuse correlation spectroscopy to monitor cerebral blood flow (CBF). In seven of eight patients, oxCCO remained independent of CBF, indicating adequate oxygen delivery despite any fluctuations in cerebral hemodynamics. In the remaining infant, a significant correlation between CBF and oxCCO was found during the monitoring periods on days 1 and 3. This infant also had the lowest baseline CBF, suggesting the impact of CBF instabilities on metabolism depends on the level of blood supply to the brain. In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time how continuous perfusion and metabolic monitoring can be achieved, opening the possibility to investigate if CBF/oxCCO monitoring could help identify preterm infants at risk of brain injury.

Redox changes in cat brain cytochrome-c oxidase after blood-fluorocarbon exchange

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. H1706-H1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ferrari ◽  
D. F. Hanley ◽  
D. A. Wilson ◽  
R. J. Traystman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Broad Absorption Band ◽  
Cat Brain

Rapid scanning near-infrared spectroscopy (730-960 nm) was utilized to determine cat brain cytochrome-c oxidase copper band by blood-perfluorochemical emulsion (Oxypherol) exchange. Spectra were carried out before, during, and after the exchange transfusion on animals with preserved somatosensory-evoked potentials and microsphere-determined cerebral blood flow. Remaining hemoglobin (less than 4% of control) was converted to carboxyhemoglobin that does not absorb in this spectral region. Difference spectra, between an hypercapnic status (8% CO2-92% O2) and postmortem, demonstrated the presence of a broad absorption band centered around 820-845 nm that could be attributed to the oxidized low potential copper ion (CuA) of cytochrome-c oxidase. However, we were unable to further oxidize this band by adding CO2 to the inspired gas mixture, but this inconsistency may be due to the near-maximal cerebral blood flow levels present in this preparation. Cytochrome oxidation by CO2 is normally attributed to increased O2 delivery to the tissue, secondary to an increased cerebral perfusion. We were unable to induce further increases in cerebral blood flow. In contrast, the cytochrome band could be reduced both by lowering fractional O2 concentration and by inducing circulatory arrest. The spectral data support the hypothesis that it is possible to quantify the cytochrome-c oxidase copper band in the near-infrared spectral region.

scholarly journals Diffuse correlation spectroscopy used to monitor cerebral blood flow during adult hypothermic circulatory arrests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Zavriyev ◽  
Kutlu Kaya ◽  
Parisa Farzam ◽  
Parya Y. Farzam ◽  
John Sunwoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion

AbstractReal-time noninvasive monitoring of cerebral blood flow during surgery could improve the morbidity and mortality rates associated with hypothermic circulatory arrests (HCA) in adult cardiac patients. In this study, we used a combined frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) system to measure cerebral oxygen saturation (SO2) and an index of blood flow (CBFi) in 12 adults going under cardiac surgery with HCA. Our measurements revealed that a negligible amount of blood is delivered to the brain during HCA with retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP), indistinguishable from HCA-only cases (CBFi drops of 91% ± 3% and 96% ± 2%, respectively) and that CBFi drops for both are significantly higher than drops during HCA with antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) (p = 0.003). We conclude that FDNIRS-DCS can be a powerful tool to optimize cerebral perfusion, and that RCP needs to be further examined to confirm its efficacy, or lack thereof.

Cerebral Blood Flow of the Neonatal Brain after Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Octavio Tierradentro-García ◽  
Sandra Saade-Lemus ◽  
Colbey Freeman ◽  
Matthew Kirschen ◽  
Hao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Positron Emission

Objective Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in infants can have long-term adverse neurodevelopmental effects and markedly reduce quality of life. Both the initial hypoperfusion and the subsequent rapid reperfusion can cause deleterious effects in brain tissue. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessment in newborns with HIE can help detect abnormalities in brain perfusion to guide therapy and prognosticate patient outcomes. Study Design The review will provide an overview of the pathophysiological implications of CBF derangements in neonatal HIE, current and emerging techniques for CBF quantification, and the potential to utilize CBF as a physiologic target in managing neonates with acute HIE. Conclusion The alterations of CBF in infants during hypoxia-ischemia have been studied by using different neuroimaging techniques, including nitrous oxide and xenon clearance, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, arterial spin labeling MRI, 18F-FDG positron emission tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), functional NIRS, and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Consensus is lacking regarding the clinical significance of CBF estimations detected by these different modalities. Heterogeneity in the imaging modality used, regional versus global estimations of CBF, time for the scan, and variables impacting brain perfusion and cohort clinical characteristics should be considered when translating the findings described in the literature to routine practice and implementation of therapeutic interventions. Key Points

Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring in Preterm Infants by Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadou Diop ◽  
Jessica Kishimoto ◽  
David S. C. Lee ◽  
Ting-Yim Lee ◽  
Keith St. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow after experimental fluid percussion injury of the brain

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lewelt ◽  
L. W. Jenkins ◽  
J. Douglas Miller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fluid Percussion Injury ◽  
The Brain

✓ To test the hypothesis that concussive brain injury impairs autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), 24 cats were subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension in 10-mm Hg increments while measurements were made of arterial and intracranial pressure, CBF, and arterial blood gases. Eight cats served as controls, while eight were subjected to mild fluid percussion injury of the brain (1.5 to 2.2 atmospheres) and eight to severe injury (2.8 to 4.8 atmospheres). Injury produced only transient changes in arterial and intracranial pressure, and no change in resting CBF. Impairment of autoregulation was found in injured animals, more pronounced in the severe-injury group. This could not be explained on the basis of intracranial hypertension, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, or brain damage localized to the area of the blood flow electrodes. It is, therefore, concluded that concussive brain injury produces a generalized loss of autoregulation for at least several hours following injury.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Optical Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and EEG Spectral Responses after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Chien-Sing Poon ◽  
Benjamin Rinehart ◽  
Dharminder S. Langri ◽  
Timothy M. Rambo ◽  
Aaron J. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
And Function

Survivors of severe brain injury may require care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU), where the brain is vulnerable to secondary brain injury. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, bedside, continuous cerebral blood flow monitoring approaches in the neuro-ICU. Our goal is to address this need through combined measurements of EEG and functional optical spectroscopy (EEG-Optical) instrumentation and analysis to provide a complementary fusion of data about brain activity and function. We utilized the diffuse correlation spectroscopy method for assessing cerebral blood flow at the neuro-ICU in a patient with traumatic brain injury. The present case demonstrates the feasibility of continuous recording of noninvasive cerebral blood flow transients that correlated well with the gold-standard invasive measurements and with the frequency content changes in the EEG data.

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