A general framework for automatic closed-loop control of bladder voiding induced by intraspinal microstimulation in rats

AbstractIndividuals with spinal cord injury or neurological disorders have problems in voiding function due to the dyssynergic contraction of the urethral sphincter. Here, we introduce a closed-loop control of intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) for efficient bladder voiding. The strategy is based on asynchronous two-electrode ISMS with combined pulse-amplitude and pulse-frequency modulation without requiring rhizotomy, neurotomy, or high-frequency blocking. Intermittent stimulation is alternately applied to the two electrodes that are implanted in the S2 lateral ventral horn and S1 dorsal gray commissure, to excite the bladder motoneurons and to inhibit the urethral sphincter motoneurons. Asynchronous stimulation would lead to reduce the net electric field and to maximize the selective stimulation. The proposed closed-loop system attains a highly voiding efficiency of 77.2–100%, with an average of 91.28 ± 8.4%. This work represents a promising approach to the development of a natural and robust motor neuroprosthesis device for restoring bladder functions.

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A Comparison of Closed-Loop Control Algorithms for Regulating Electrically Stimulated Knee Movements in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering ◽

10.1109/tnsre.2012.2185065 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 539-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

C. L. Lynch ◽

M. R. Popovic

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Control Algorithms ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Cord Injury

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Closed-loop control of trunk posture improves locomotion through the regulation of leg proprioceptive feedback after spinal cord injury

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-017-18293-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Eduardo Martin Moraud ◽

Joachim von Zitzewitz ◽

Jenifer Miehlbradt ◽

Sophie Wurth ◽

Emanuele Formento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Proprioceptive Feedback ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Trunk Posture

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Closed-Loop Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation-Assisted Arm-Free Standing in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Feasibility Study

Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface ◽

10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00184.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 22-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Albert H. Vette ◽

Kei Masani ◽

Joon-Young Kim ◽

Milos R. Popovic

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Free Standing ◽

Loop Control ◽

Cord Injury

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The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000084 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 220 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandra Sülzenbrück

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Visual Feedback ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Motor Planning ◽

Visual Input ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Feedback Type ◽

Effective Use ◽

The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

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