scholarly journals Increasing benthic vent formation: a threat to Japan’s ancient lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Kumagai ◽  
Richard D. Robarts ◽  
Yasuaki Aota
Keyword(s):  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
The North ◽  
Slow Earthquakes ◽  
Near Future

AbstractAn autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) was deployed in Lake Biwa from 2000 to 2012. In December 2009, ebullition of turbid water was first found in the deepest area (> 90 m) of the North Basin. Follow-up investigations in April and December 2010 and January 2012 confirmed the existence of benthic vents similar to the vents observed in other deep lakes. Importantly, vent numbers per unit travel distance in Lake Biwa dramatically increased from only two vents (0.37 vents km−1) in December 2009 to 54 vents (5.28 vents km−1) in January 2012, which could be related to recent tectonic activity in Japan, e.g., the M9.1 Tohoku earthquake in March 2011 and slow earthquakes along the Nankai Trough from 2006 to 2018. Continuous back-up investigations from 2014 to 2019 revealed additional benthic vents in the same area. The sudden increase in benthic vent activity (liquid and gaseous ebullitions) have significant potential to alter lake biogeochemistry and, ultimately, degrade Japan’s major drinking water source and may be a harbinger of major crustal change in the near future.

Global return flow ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Basin Pollution Quality Waste

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Variation in Nutrient Profiles and Exchange Fluxes at the Sediment-Water Interface in Yuqiao Reservoir, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen ◽  
Wu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yuqiao Reservoir ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Main Component

Nutrients released from sediments have a significant influence on the water quality in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs. To clarify the internal nutrient load and provide reference for eutrophication control in Yuqiao Reservoir, a drinking water source reservoir in China, pore water profiles and sediment core incubation experiments were conducted. The nutrients in the water (soluble reactive P (SRP), nitrate-N (NO3−-N), nitrite-N (NO2−-N), and ammonium-N (NH4+-N)) and in the sediments (total N (TN), total P (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC)) were quantified. The results show that NH4+-N was the main component of inorganic N in the pore water. NH4+-N and SRP were higher in the pore water than in the overlying water, and the concentration gradient indicated a diffusion potential from the sediment to the overlying water. The NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and SRP fluxes showed significant differences amongst the seasons. The NH4+-N and SRP fluxes were significantly higher in the summer than in other seasons, while NO3−-N was higher in the autumn. The sediment generally acted as a source of NH4+-N and SRP and as a sink for NO3−-N and NO2−-N. The sediments release 1133.15 and 92.46 tons of N and P, respectively, to the overlying water each year.

scholarly journals Are children’s stools in Ghana disposed of safely? Evidence from the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Northern Zone

Abstract Background Safe disposal of children’s faeces has always been one of the main challenges to good hygiene in Ghana. Although it has been proven that children’s faeces are more likely to spread diseases than adults’ faeces, people usually mistake them for harmlessness. This study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with safe disposal of children’s faeces in Ghana. Methods Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. A sample size of 2228 mother-child pairs were used for the study. The outcome variable was disposal of children stools. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors with safe child stool disposal. Results The prevalence of safe child stool disposal in Ghana was 24.5%. Women in the middle [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.62; Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.00–7.10], Coastal Zone [AOR = 4.52; CI = 2.82–7.22], mothers whose children were aged 12–17 [AOR = 1.56; CI = 1.15–2.13] and 18–23 months [AOR = 1.75; CI = 1.29–2.39], and mothers whose household had improved type of toilet facility [AOR = 2.04; CI = 1.53–2.73] had higher odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. However, women from households with access to improved source of drinking water [AOR = 0.62; CI = 0.45–2.7] had lower odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. Conclusion Approximately only about 25 out of 100 women practice safe disposal of their children’s faeces in Ghana. The age of the child, ecological zone, the type of toilet facilities, and the type of drinking water source are associated with the disposal of child faeces. These findings have proven that only improved sanitation (i.e. drinking water and toilet facilities) are not enough for women to safely dispose of their children’s faeces. Therefore, in addition to provision of toilet facilities especially in the northern zone of Ghana, there is also the need to motivate and educate mothers on safe disposal of children’s stools especially those with children below 12 months. More so, mothers without access to improved toilet facility should also be educated on the appropriate ways to bury their children’s stools safely.

Divergent responses of diverse microalgae commonly found in drinking water source water to UV-C treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Roszell ◽  
Po-Shun Chan ◽  
Brian Petri ◽  
Ted Mao ◽  
Kathleen Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Uv C

Double-endpoint Genotoxicity Quantification and PAHs Characterization of Drinking Water Source alongside Polluted Yinghe River with High Tumor Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Chen Guo ◽  
Xiao-li Wang ◽  
Zhan-lu Lv ◽  
Lin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source
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