Differences in survival and phenotypic traits of curly birch preserved by heterovegetative propagation: a case study from Central-East Europe

AbstractCurly birch (Betula pendula Roth. var. carelica [Merklin] Hämet-Ahti) is a disappearing representative of the Betula genus facing a regeneration failure in a large part of its natural distribution in Europe. The unique long-term study of clonal replications originating in heterogeneous environments enabled the evaluation of long-term survival and phenotypic stability of progenies in seed orchard to assess the conservation and commercial potential of heterovegetative propagation. Seventy-eight geographic sources (95 clone origins) representing the south distribution edge in East-Central Europe were analysed for species variation in survival, growth form, bark colour, and stem quality of parent trees and their vegetative progeny, and the effects of four parental site origin characteristics. The survival rate was 73% after 28–33 years of growth. Retention of curly-grained wood was high, the curly-grained wood structure is heritable and thus clonally efficiently achievable (only 3.5% of grafted individuals showed no occurrence of figured wood structure). The phenotypic expression of curliness manifested on the trunks as bulges, stem growth forms (tree/shrub) and stem technical quality showed a lower degree of stability (coincidence) between the parent trees and heterovegatively propagated progenies. Despite this, the conservation potential of seed orchard is very high, especially when stabilization of the stem growth forms affecting the survival and commercial value of progenies can be probably achieved by a more careful selection of scions. Overall, heterovegetative orchards seem to be a very promising method for the long-term conservation of curly birch populations, which, in addition to their great biological and ecological value, have considerable commercial potential.

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Anti–B-Cell Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of Severe Posttransplant B-Lymphoproliferative Disorder: Prognostic Factors and Long-Term Outcome

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v92.9.3137 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 92 (9) ◽

pp. 3137-3147 ◽

Cited By ~ 175

Author(s):

Malika Benkerrou ◽

Jean-Philippe Jais ◽

Véronique Leblond ◽

Anne Durandy ◽

Laurent Sutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Lymphoproliferative Disorder ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Cytotoxic T Cell ◽

Antibody Treatment ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Study

Abstract B-lymphoproliferative disorder (BLPD) is a rare but severe complication of organ and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Profound cytotoxic T-cell deficiency is thought to allow the outgrowth of Epstein-Barr virus–transformed B cells. When possible, reduction of immunosuppressive treatment or surgery for localized disease may cure BLPD. Therapeutic approaches using chemotherapy or antiviral drugs have limited effects on survival. Adoptive immunotherapy with donor T-cell infusions has given promising results in BMT recipients. We previously reported that administration of two monoclonal anti–B-cell antibodies (anti-CD21 and anti-CD24) could contribute to the control of oligoclonal BLPD. Here we report the long-term results of treatment with these monoclonal anti–B-cell antibodies for cases of severe BLPD. In an open multicenter trial, 58 patients in whom aggressive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder developed after BMT (n = 27) or organ (n = 31) transplantation received 0.2 mg/kg/d of specific anti-CD21 and anti-CD24 murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for 10 days. The treatment was well tolerated. Thirty-six of the 59 episodes of BLPD in the 58 patients presented complete remission (61%). The relapse rate was low (3 of 36, 8%). Multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors for partial or no response to anti–B-cell MoAb therapy: multivisceral disease (P ≤ .005), central nervous system involvement (P ≤ .05), and late onset of BLPD (P ≤ .005). The overall long-term survival was 46% (median follow-up, 61 months); it was lower among BMT patients (35%) than organ transplant patients (55%). None of the patients who had received BMT for hematological malignancy survived for 1 year. Eight of these 11 patients presented monoclonal BLPD. Tumor burden was the only other variable that contributed significantly to poor survival. Thus, as assessed from this long-term study, the use of anti–B-cell MoAbs therefore appears to be a safe and relatively effective therapy for severe posttransplant BLPD. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

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Effects of green pruning on growth of Pinus radiata

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x03-131 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (11) ◽

pp. 2067-2073 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

W A Neilsen ◽

E A Pinkard

Keyword(s):

Pinus Radiata ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Tree Height ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Term Study ◽

Diameter Increment ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Green Pruning

Pruning of plantation trees is completed to produce knot-free timber and veneer logs, thus increasing the value of the plantation. A long-term study (11 years) was established to investigate the effects of selective pruning on radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) stem growth. The 175 stems selected for the experiment had been pruned to 2.4 m at 6 years of age. At ages 8 and 10, the trees were pruned to 45%, 60%, or 75% of tree height and growth was compared with a control (first lift pruned only). Pruning to 45% of tree height had no effect on growth to age 13 years. Responses to the other treatments were apparent soon after pruning and continued until measurements ceased at 17 years of age. Pruning to 60% or 75% of tree height at second lift reduced diameter increment, and increment decreased as pruning severity increased. There was a further separation of the growth curves following third-lift pruning to 60% or 75% of tree height. The results suggested that maintaining a live crown ratio of 55% would minimize effects of pruning on diameter growth. The effect of severe pruning on diameter increment was greater for subdominant trees than for dominant stems. Pruning had less effect on height than diameter increment, but all treatments involving pruning to 75% of height at third lift resulted in trees that were approximately 10% shorter than unpruned trees at 13 years of age. More severe second-lift pruning resulted in smaller diameter over stubs at the time of third-lift pruning. Second-lift pruning to 60% of total height produced acceptable diameter over stubs. Implications for management are discussed.

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Ocular adnexal lymphoma in Denmark: a nationwide study of 387 cases from 1980 to 2017

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315637 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315637

Author(s):

Frederik Holm ◽

Lauge Hjorth Mikkelsen ◽

Peter Kamper ◽

Peter Kristian Rasmussen ◽

Thomas Stauffer Larsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cell ◽

Survival Data ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Term Survival ◽

Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma ◽

Long Term Study

BackgroundNationwide studies of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) are very rare in the literature, and knowledge on incidence, subtype distribution and long-term survival data is limited. This is the largest national study of OAL to date. This study sought to find information on incidence, changes in incidence, clinical findings, distribution of subtypes, survival and prognostic factors.MethodsPatients diagnosed with OAL from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2017 were identified in Danish registers, and clinical as well as survival data were collected. The data were analysed with Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test.Results387 patients were included in the study. The major lymphoma subtypes were extranodal marginal-zone B cell lymphoma (EMZL) (55%), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (13%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (11%) and follicular lymphoma (FL) (10%). OAL is a disease of the elderly (median age 69 years). The incidence of lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region has increased significantly throughout the time period of the study (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.65; P<0.001). In the period 1980–1984, the incidence was 0.086 per 100 000, which increased to 0.307 per 100 000 in the period 2013–2017. Low-grade, low-stage primary lymphomas were treated with radiotherapy, whereas patients with high-stage, high-grade and/or relapsed disease were treated with chemotherapy. Low-grade subtypes EMZL (89%) and FL (56%) had better 10-year disease-specific survival than the high-grade lymphomas DLBCL (38%) and MCL (31%)(p<0.001).ConclusionOAL is increasing in incidence in the Danish population for unknown reasons. However, the prognosis for most OAL is favourable, as highlighted in this national long-term study.

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Anti–B-Cell Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of Severe Posttransplant B-Lymphoproliferative Disorder: Prognostic Factors and Long-Term Outcome

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v92.9.3137.421k28_3137_3147 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 92 (9) ◽

pp. 3137-3147 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Malika Benkerrou ◽

Jean-Philippe Jais ◽

Véronique Leblond ◽

Anne Durandy ◽

Laurent Sutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Lymphoproliferative Disorder ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Cytotoxic T Cell ◽

Antibody Treatment ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Study

B-lymphoproliferative disorder (BLPD) is a rare but severe complication of organ and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Profound cytotoxic T-cell deficiency is thought to allow the outgrowth of Epstein-Barr virus–transformed B cells. When possible, reduction of immunosuppressive treatment or surgery for localized disease may cure BLPD. Therapeutic approaches using chemotherapy or antiviral drugs have limited effects on survival. Adoptive immunotherapy with donor T-cell infusions has given promising results in BMT recipients. We previously reported that administration of two monoclonal anti–B-cell antibodies (anti-CD21 and anti-CD24) could contribute to the control of oligoclonal BLPD. Here we report the long-term results of treatment with these monoclonal anti–B-cell antibodies for cases of severe BLPD. In an open multicenter trial, 58 patients in whom aggressive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder developed after BMT (n = 27) or organ (n = 31) transplantation received 0.2 mg/kg/d of specific anti-CD21 and anti-CD24 murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for 10 days. The treatment was well tolerated. Thirty-six of the 59 episodes of BLPD in the 58 patients presented complete remission (61%). The relapse rate was low (3 of 36, 8%). Multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors for partial or no response to anti–B-cell MoAb therapy: multivisceral disease (P ≤ .005), central nervous system involvement (P ≤ .05), and late onset of BLPD (P ≤ .005). The overall long-term survival was 46% (median follow-up, 61 months); it was lower among BMT patients (35%) than organ transplant patients (55%). None of the patients who had received BMT for hematological malignancy survived for 1 year. Eight of these 11 patients presented monoclonal BLPD. Tumor burden was the only other variable that contributed significantly to poor survival. Thus, as assessed from this long-term study, the use of anti–B-cell MoAbs therefore appears to be a safe and relatively effective therapy for severe posttransplant BLPD. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

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Analysis of phenotypic traits which may impact long term survival of different Escherichia coli pathotypes

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1A) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Gray ◽

Sonia Rani ◽

Geraldine Duffy ◽

Seamus Fanning ◽

Catherine Burgess

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival

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A long-term study of early fluid therapy in severely burned adults. 3. Simultaneous comparison of saline solution alone or combined with plasma

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.4.268 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (4) ◽

pp. 268-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Bocanegra

Keyword(s):

Fluid Therapy ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Simultaneous Comparison ◽

Early Fluid

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Caspases and apoptosis

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0380009 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Guy S Salvesen

Keyword(s):

Cysteine Proteases ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Term Survival ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽

Adult Cell ◽

Caspase Family ◽

Cell Fragments ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

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