Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system

AbstractThis paper theorizes the existence of a constant optimum ultrasound process time for any size-reduction operation, independent of process parameters, and dependent on product parameters. We test the concept using the case of ‘ultrasonic preparation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions’ as model system. The system parameters during ultrasonication of a hempseed oil nanoemulsion was evaluated by a response surface methodology, comprising lecithin and poloxamer-188 as surfactants. Results revealed that the particle size and emulsion stability was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by all product parameters (content of hempseed oil-oil phase, lecithin and polaxamer-surfactants); but was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by process parameter (‘ultrasonication process time’). Next, other process parameters (emulsion volume and ultrasonic amplitude) were tested using kinetic experiments. Magnitude of particle size reduction decreased with increasing ‘ultrasonication process time’ according to a first order relationship, until a minimum particle size was reached; beyond which ultrasonication no longer resulted in detectable decrease in particle size. It was found that the optimal ultrasonication process time (defined as time taken to achieve 99% of the ‘maximum possible size reduction’) was 10 min, and was roughly constant regardless of the process parameters (sample volume and ultrasonic amplitude). Finally, the existence of this constant optimal ultrasonication process time was proven for another emulsion system (olive oil and tween 80). Based on the results of these case studies, it could be theorized that a constant optimum ultrasonication process time exists for the ultrasonication-based size-reduction processes, dependent only on product parameters.

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Characterization of Astaxanthin Nanoemulsions Produced by Intense Fluid Shear through a Self-Throttling Nanometer Range Annular Orifice Valve-Based High-Pressure Homogenizer

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2856

Author(s):

Gary B. Smejkal ◽

Edmund Y. Ting ◽

Karthik Nambi Arul Nambi ◽

Richard T. Schumacher ◽

Alexander V. Lazarev

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Fluid Shear ◽

Particle Size Reduction ◽

Annular Gap ◽

Oil In Water ◽

High Pressure Homogenizer ◽

Pass Through

Stable, oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing astaxanthin (AsX) were produced by intense fluid shear forces resulting from pumping a coarse reagent emulsion through a self-throttling annular gap valve at 300 MPa. Compared to crude emulsions prepared by conventional homogenization, a size reduction of over two orders of magnitude was observed for AsX-encapsulated oil droplets following just one pass through the annular valve. In krill oil formulations, the mean hydrodynamic diameter of lipid particles was reduced to 60 nm after only two passes through the valve and reached a minimal size of 24 nm after eight passes. Repeated processing of samples through the valve progressively decreased lipid particle size, with an inflection in the rate of particle size reduction generally observed after 2–4 passes. Krill- and argan oil-based nanoemulsions were produced using an Ultra Shear Technology™ (UST™) approach and characterized in terms of their small particle size, low polydispersity, and stability.

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Homogenization and Melt-Emulsification Techniques for Ibuprofen Particle Size Reduction: Effect of Tween 80 & Sonication

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.179 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 229-231 ◽

pp. 179-182

Author(s):

Sarun Tuntarawongsa ◽

Thawatchai Phaechamud

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Ph Value ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Particle Size Reduction ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

Emulsification Process ◽

Suitable Process

Ibuprofen suspensions were prepared by simple homogenization with melt-emulsification process. Tween 80 was used as stabilizer. The homogenized suspensions were evaluated and compared with melt emulsificated suspension. The pH value and rheology behavior were not difference. The viscosity was very low. Zeta potential was -10 to -25 mV. In this study, the suitable process to minimize particle size of ibuprofen suspension was melt emulsification follow by sonication. This process could be developed to obtain nanosuspension by adjust sonication process and improved formulation to obtain suitable nanosuspension.

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Methods for particle size reduction of liposomal amphotericin B

Vietnam Journal of Science Technology and Engineering ◽

10.31276/vjste.60(1).42 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Tuan Quang Nguyen ◽

Van Lam Nguyen ◽

Thai Son Nguyen ◽

Thi Minh Hue Pham ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Amphotericin B ◽

Liposomal Amphotericin ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽

Particle Size Reduction

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Experimental Study of Particle Size Reduction of Albendazole by Antisolvent Precipitation Method

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3715025 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lalit Gupta ◽

D Devnarayan ◽

Rahul Kumar

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Particle Size ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Particle Size Reduction ◽

Antisolvent Precipitation

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Laser Superficial Fusion of Gold Nanoparticles with PEEK Polymer for Cardiovascular Application

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 971

Author(s):

Oktawian Bialas ◽

Mateusz Lis ◽

Anna Woźniak ◽

Marcin Adamiak

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Laser Beam ◽

Gold Particle ◽

Laser Power ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Parameters Optimization ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Particle Size Reduction ◽

Nano Gold ◽

Gold Particle Size

This paper analyses the possibility of obtaining surface-infused nano gold particles with the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) using picosecond laser treatment. To fuse particles into polymer, the raw surface of PEEK was sputtered with 99.99% Au and micromachined by an A-355 laser device for gold particle size reduction. Biomimetic pattern and parameters optimization were key properties of the design for biomedical application. The structures were investigated by employing surface topography in the presence of micron and sub-micron features. The energy of the laser beam stating the presence of polymer bond thermalisation with remelting due to high temperature was also taken into the account. The process was suited to avoid intensive surface modification that could compromise the mechanical properties of fragile cardiovascular devices. The initial material analysis was conducted by power–depth dependence using confocal microscopy. The evaluation of gold particle size reduction was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), secondary electron (SE) and quadrant backscatter electron detector (QBSD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The visibility of the constituted coating was checked by a commercial grade X-ray that is commonly used in hospitals. Attempts to reduce deposited gold coating to the size of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and to fuse them into the groove using a laser beam have been successfully completed. The relationship between the laser power and the characteristics of the particles remaining in the laser irradiation area has been established. A significant increase in quantity was achieved using laser power with a minimum power of 15 mW. The obtained results allowed for the continuation of the pilot study for augmented research and material properties analysis.

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Astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions preparation using spontaneous microemulsification technique: optimization and their physico–chemical properties

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2019-1545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Seyedalireza Mortazavi Tabrizi ◽

Afshin Javadi ◽

Navideh Anarjan ◽

Seyyed Javid Mortazavi Tabrizi ◽

Hamid Mirzaei

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Particle Size ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Garlic Oil ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Minimum Particle Size ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Technique Optimization

AbstractGarlic oil in water nanoemulsion was resulted through subcritical water method (temperature of 120 °C and pressure of 1.5 bar, for 2 h), using aponin, as emulsifier. Based on the prepared garlic oil nanoemulsion, astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions were prepared using spontaneous microemulsification technique. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of independent variables namely, amount of garlic oil nanoemulsion (1–9 mL) and amount of provided astaxanthin powder (1–9 g) on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulted nanoemulsions. Results of optimization indicated that well dispersed and spherical nanodroplets were formed in the nanoemulsions with minimum particle size (76 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI, 0.358) and maximum zeta potential value (−8.01 mV), using garlic oil nanoemulsion amount of 8.27 mL and 4.15 g of astaxanthin powder. Strong antioxidant activity (>100%) of the prepared astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsion, using obtained optimum amounts of the components, could be related to the highest antioxidant activity of the colloidal astaxanthin (>100%) as compared to that of the garlic oil nanoemulsion (16.4%). However, higher bactericidal activity of the resulted nanoemulsion against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were related to the main sulfur bioactive components of the garlic oil in which their main functional groups were detected by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy.

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