scholarly journals Perspectives and design considerations of capillary-driven artificial trees for fast dewatering processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Wide Pressure Range ◽  
Xylem Conduits ◽  
Wide Pressure

AbstractRecent progresses on nanocapillary-driven water transport under metastable conditions have substantiated the potential of artificial trees for dewatering applications in a wide pressure range. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of artificial trees encompassing the principle for negative capillary pressure generation; impacts of structural, compositional, and environmental conditions on dewatering performance; and design considerations. It begins by delineating functionalities of artificial trees for evaporation (leaves), conduction (xylem), and filtration (root) of water, in the analogy to natural trees. The analysis revealed that the magnitude of (negative) capillary pressure in the artificial leaves and xylem must be sufficiently large to overcome the osmotic pressure of feed at the root. The required magnitude can be reduced by increasing the osmotic pressure in the artificial xylem conduits, which reduces the risk of cavitation and subsequent blockage of water transport. However, a severe concentration polarization that can occur in long xylem conduits would negate such compensation effect of xylem osmotic pressure, leading to vapor pressure depression at the artificial leaves and therefore reduced dewatering rates. Enhanced Taylor dispersions by increasing xylem conduit diameters are found to alleviate the concentration polarization, allowing for water flux enhancement directly by increasing leaf-to-root membrane area ratio.

Capillary pressure, osmotic pressure and bubble contact areas in foams

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Höhler ◽  
Jordan Seknagi ◽  
Andrew Kraynik
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
The Difference

The capillary pressure of foams and emulsions is the difference between the average pressure in the dispersed phase and the pressure in the continuous phase.

Enhancing Water Permeability with Super-hydrophilic Metal-Organic Frameworks and Hydrophobic Straight Pores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Habibollahzadeh ◽  
Juran Noh ◽  
Liang Feng ◽  
Hong-Cai Zhou ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Metal Organic

High water flux and salt selectivity have been the most demanding goals for osmosis-based membranes. Osmotic pressure differences across membranes are particularly important in emerging forward osmosis and pressure retarded...

Effects of Osmotic Pressure on Water Transport in W1/O/W2 Emulsions

2001 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixiong Wen ◽  
Kyriakos D. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Water Transport

Study of physisorption isotherm of water on technical nickel surface with a wide pressure range

Vacuum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwu Li ◽  
Yongjun Cheng ◽  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
Meng Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Nickel Surface ◽  
Wide Pressure Range ◽  
Wide Pressure

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of carbon dioxide on Chinese dry coal over a wide pressure range

Adsorption ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchen Song ◽  
Wanli Xing ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Jian ◽  
Zhaoyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms And Kinetics ◽  
Wide Pressure Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Wide Pressure

Design and Simulation of Pressure Sensor for Ocean Depth Measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Suja ◽  
Bhanu Pratap Chaudhary ◽  
Rama Komaragiri
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical System ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor ◽  
Wide Pressure Range ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Wide Pressure

MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) are usually defined as highly miniaturized devices combining both electrical and mechanical components that are fabricated using integrated circuit batch processing techniques. Pressure sensors are usually manufactured using square or circular diaphragms of constant thickness in the order of few microns. In this work, a comparison between circular diaphragm and square diaphragm indicates that square diaphragm has better perspectives. A new method for designing diaphragm of the Piezoresistive pressure sensor for linearity over a wide pressure range (approximately double) is designed, simulated and compared with existing single diaphragm design with respect to diaphragm deflection and sensor output voltage.

scholarly journals Preparation of defect free TFC FO membranes using robust and highly porous ceramic substrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincai Su ◽  
Yanyan Wei ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Surface Pores

In this study, robust and defect-free thin film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes have been successfully fabricated using ceramic hollow fibers as the substrate. Polydopamine (PDA) coating under controlled conditions is effective to reduce the surface pores of the substrate and make the substrate smooth enough for the interfacial polymerization. The pure water permeability (A), solute permeability (B) and structural parameter (S) of the resultant FO membrane are 0.854 L·m-2h-1bar-1 (LMH/Bar) 0.186 L·m-2h-1 (LMH) and 1720 µm, respectively. The water flux and reverse draw solute flux are measured using NaCl and proprietary ferric sodium citrate (FeNaCA) draw solutions at low and high osmotic pressure ranges. With increasing the osmotic pressure, higher water flux is obtained but its increase is not directly proportional to the increase in the osmotic pressure. At the membrane surface, the effect of dilutive concentration polarization is much less serious for FeNaCA draw solutions. At an osmotic pressure of 89.6 bar, the developed TFC membrane generates water fluxes of 11.5 and 30.0 LMH using NaCl and synthesized FeNaCA draw solutions. The corresponding reverse draw solute flux is 7.0 g·m-2h-1 (gMH) for NaCl draw solution but it is not detectable for FeNaCA draw solution. This means that the developed TFC FO membranes are defect free and their surface pores are at molecular level. The performance of the developed TFC FO membranes are also demonstrated for the enrichment of BSA protein.

Verteilung und Valenz der Kationen in Spinellsystemen mit Eisen und Chrom, II. Zur Stöchiometrie des Spinells FeCr2O4 / Distribution and Valence of the Cations in Spinel Systems with Iron and Chromium, II. On the Stoichiometry of the Spinel FeCr2O4

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Eggert ◽  
Erwin Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Wide Pressure Range ◽  
Wide Pressure ◽  
Additional Phase

FeCr2O4 has been prepared under CO-CO2-atmosphere with oxygen partial pressures between 10-18 and 10-8 bar. X-Ray and Mößbauer investigations show that under higher pressures FeCr2O4 is not stoichiometric but contains Fe(III), and that corund type Cr2O3 as an additional phase has been formed. In the wide pressure range from 10-17 to 10-14 bar the contents of Fe(III) are lower than 1% of total iron, and the corund phase is negligible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document