scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with dilated choroidal vessels beneath the retinal pigment epithelium among the Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuki Ito ◽  
Mari Ito ◽  
Takeshi Iwase ◽  
Keiko Kataoka ◽  
Kazuhisa Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Choroidal Vessels

AbstractPachyvessels are pathologically dilated large choroidal vessels and are associated with the pathogenesis of several pachychoroid-related disorders, including central serous chorioretinopathy. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for pachyvessels in the Japanese population. We included 316 participants (aged ≥ 40 years) with normal right eyes. The presence of pachyvessels (vertical diameter > 300 µm, distance to the retinal pigment epithelium < 50 µm) was determined using 6 × 6 mm macular swept-source optical coherence tomography images, and associated risk factors were investigated. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured, and its associated risk factors investigated. The overall prevalence of pachychoroids was 9.5%. Regression analysis showed that a younger age, shorter axial length, male sex, and smoking were significantly associated with the presence of pachyvessels (p = 0.047; odds ratio [OR] 0.96 per year, p = 0.021; OR 0.61 per 1 mm, p = 0.012; OR 3.08 vs. female, and p = 0.011; OR 3.15 vs. non-smoker, respectively) and greater choroidal thickness (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.003, and p < 0.017, respectively). The results were consistent with other research findings which showed that pachychoroid-related disorders such as central serous chorioretinopathy were associated with younger age, male sex, shorter axial length, and smoking. Smoking may be associated with choroidal circulatory disturbance in the Japanese population.

scholarly journals Incidence of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tears and Associated Risk Factors After Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections§

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Empeslidis ◽  
Athanasios Vardarinos ◽  
Vasileios Konidaris ◽  
Soon Wai Ch'ng ◽  
Bharat Kapoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Rpe Tear

Purpose : To study the incidence and risk factors for retinal pigment epithelium tears following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. Methods : Retrospective longitudinal study. 4027 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in 628 patients (676 eyes) for choroidal neovascularisation associated with age related macular degeneration in a period of 18 months were studied. Results : Seventeen patients (mean age 83.95±5.84) developed retinal pigment epithelium tears. The incidence rate was 0.4%. Fibrovascular pigment epithelium detachment (PED) was previously observed in all cases. In 88 % (15/17) of AMD patients that had a RPE tear, PED height was found to be less than 400 microns at presentation. In 5 of 7 patients with RPE tear grade <4, continuing of anti-VEGF treatment resulted to improvement of visual acuity. Conclusion : Critical risk factors for RPE tears are presence of PED as well as advanced age. Visual improvement appears to depend more on the extent and location of the RPE tear and less on the PED height.

scholarly journals Choroidal Rift: A New OCT Finding in Eyes with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2260
Author(s):  
Marco Battista ◽  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Chiara Veronese ◽  
Francesco Gelormini ◽  
Riccardo Sacconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Main Development ◽  
Choroidal Vessels

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a complex and not entirely understood retinal disease. The aim of our research was to describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding named “choroidal rift”, which may be identified in the choroid of eyes with CSC. We collected data from 357 patients (488 eyes) with CSC who had structural OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) scans obtained. Choroidal rifts were identified as polygonal (and not round-shaped) hyporeflective lesions without hyperreflective margins. Choroidal rifts had to be characterized by a size superior to that of the largest choroidal vessel. Finally, hyporeflective lesions were graded as choroidal rifts only if these lesions had a main development perpendicular to the retinal pigment epithelium. OCT analysis allowed the identification of choroidal rifts in ten eyes from nine patients, all with chronic CSC, with an estimated prevalence rate of 2.1%. In three out of ten cases with choroidal rifts, these lesions spanned all the choroidal layers. In the remaining cases, choroidal rifts only partially spanned the choroidal thickness. In OCTA, choroidal rifts were characterized by the absence of flow. Combining structural OCT and OCTA information, we hypothesized that choroidal rifts may represent interruptions of the choroidal stroma in correspondence of fragile regions (in between expanded larger-sized choroidal vessels). Choroidal rift represents a novel OCT feature, which may characterize eyes with chronic CSC and may have a role in the development of irreversible chorio-retinal changes.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Characteristics of the Choroid Underlying Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Jasmine H. Francis ◽  
Ethan K. Sobol ◽  
Molly Greenberg ◽  
Robert Folberg ◽  
David H. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Depth Imaging ◽  
Congenital Hypertrophy

Purpose: This study evaluates and characterizes the choroid underlying congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE). Methods: Retrospective observational study of CHRPE at least 2 mm in diameter. Choroidal vascular architecture was qualitatively examined. Choroidal thickness was measured by 2 independent observers using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results: Forty-six eyes of 46 patients with CHRPE were included. Thirty-two lesions had imaging sufficient for analysis. Haller’s layer was healthy in 18 (56%), thin in 13 (41%), and absent in 1 (2%). Sattler’s layer was atrophic in 30 (94%), and choriocapillaris was atrophic in 31 (97%). CHRPE with thinned Haller’s layer had significantly larger diameter. The mean sub-CHRPE choroidal thickness was 82.4 ± 7.9 µm, compared to a thickness of 148.4 ± 9.6 µm in the normal adjacent choroid (p < 0.0001). Mean retinal thickness overlying the CHRPE was 77.3 ± 4.3 µm, compared to a retinal thickness of 137.8 ± 2.9 µm overlying the normal adjacent choroid (p < 0.0001). Sub-CHRPE choroidal thickness was a mean of 56.2 ± 3.1% of the adjacent normal choroidal thickness. Conclusion: The underlying choroid CHRPE is thinner than the adjacent normal choroid. All layers of the choroid can be thin with a preference of the inner Sattler’s and choriocapillaris layers.

Epidemiology, Prevalence and Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is the most common type of retinal detachments and occurs when subretinal fluid accumulates between the neurosensorial retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Although often caused by vitreous liquefaction, cataract extraction, high myopia, inflammation, and trauma are other associated risk factors. In this article, epidemiology, prevalence, and incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are aimed to describe.

Genetics, Risk Factors and Pathogenesis in the Spectrum of Pachychoroid Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Focal Choroidal Excavation ◽  
Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy ◽  
Choroidal Vessels ◽  
Angiographic Findings ◽  
Choroidal Vascular Hyperpermeability ◽  
Choroidal Hyperpermeability ◽  
Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy

The spectrum of pachychoroid disease was first described by Warrow et al. in 2013. The characteristics of pachyoroid phenotype are dilatation of the vessels in the Haller layer (pachyvessels), thinning of the layers of Sattler, and choriocapillaris. Dilated choroidal vessels, choroidal hyperpermeability, diffuse or focal choroidal thickness and associated with progressive retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction are thought to be in the pathogenesis. Angiographic findings such as choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, especially in the region of RPE changes, and delay in choroidal filling suggest that the primary pathology is associated with choroidal vascular disturbance. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease are not fully known.  Pakikoroid-related diseases include pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, focal choroidal excavation, and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. These diseases are thought to be reveal different manifestations of common pathological mechanisms. This review highlights the current understanding of genetics, risk factors, and pathogenesis in the spectrum of pachychoroid disease based on the current literature.

Dark adaptation changes in highly myopic patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Arnaud Messerlin ◽  
Mathieu Greth ◽  
Tristan Bourcier ◽  
Arnaud Sauer ◽  
Claude Speeg-Schatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Atrophy ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether the dark adaptation time was longer in highly myopic patients than in emmetropic patients and whether there was a correlation between dark adaptation results and axial length. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective study that included highly myopic patients with −6.00 dioptres or more, matched to emmetropic control patients of the same age. All patients underwent an automated adaptometry protocol that calculates the rod intercept that reflects rod-mediated dark adaptation. Axial length was measured. Colour photographs were taken to look for retinal atrophic lesions. Results: A total of 25 highly myopic patients and 25 control patients were included. The mean rod intercept was 4.38 (±1.60) min in the myopic patients and 4.27 (±1.41) min in the control patients. This difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.79). However, in myopic patients, the longer the axial length was, the longer the dark adaptation time was ( p = 0.0003). In addition, dark adaptation was significantly longer in myopic patients with retinal pigment epithelium atrophy than in patients without lesions ( p = 0.0398). Conclusion: In this study, dark adaptation time did not significantly differ between myopic patients and controls but was correlated with axial length in patients with severe myopia and was significantly longer in the presence of retinal pigment epithelium atrophic lesions.

scholarly journals Retinal pigment epithelium cell density in relationship to axial length in human eyes

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. e22-e28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jost B. Jonas ◽  
Kyoko Ohno-Matsui ◽  
Leonard Holbach ◽  
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell ◽  
Epithelium Cell ◽  
Human Eyes
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