scholarly journals A multiplexed nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) assay for simultaneously detecting glycosyl hydrolase and lignin modifying enzyme activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ing ◽  
Kai Deng ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Martina Aulitto ◽  
Jennifer W. Gin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Lignin Model Compound ◽  
Aromatic Substrates ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Lignin Model ◽  
Analytical Tools

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass is composed of three major biopolymers: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Analytical tools capable of quickly detecting both glycan and lignin deconstruction are needed to support the development and characterization of efficient enzymes/enzyme cocktails. Previously we have described nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry-based assays for the analysis of glycosyl hydrolase and most recently an assay for lignin modifying enzymes. Here we integrate these two assays into a single multiplexed assay against both classes of enzymes and use it to characterize crude commercial enzyme mixtures. Application of our multiplexed platform based on nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry enabled us to characterize crude mixtures of laccase enzymes from fungi Agaricus bisporus (Ab) and Myceliopthora thermophila (Mt) revealing activity on both carbohydrate and aromatic substrates. Using time-series analysis we determined that crude laccase from Ab has the higher GH activity and that laccase from Mt has the higher activity against our lignin model compound. Inhibitor studies showed a significant reduction in Mt GH activity under low oxygen conditions and increased activities in the presence of vanillin (common GH inhibitor). Ultimately, this assay can help to discover mixtures of enzymes that could be incorporated into biomass pretreatments to deconstruct diverse components of lignocellulosic biomass.

Ferrous materials degradation: characterisation of rust by colour – an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond E. P. Klenam ◽  
Michael O. Bodunrin ◽  
Stefania Akromah ◽  
Emmanuel Gikunoo ◽  
Anthony Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Oxygen Environment ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract An overview of the characterisation of rust by colour is presented. Each distinct rust colour is caused by atmospheric impurities, high or low moisture content and high or low oxygen environment over time. Yellow rust is mainly due to the high moisture environment over a period of time, which drips. Brown rust is dry, crusty and due to water and oxygen contact with localised patches on component surfaces. Black rust, the most stable form, occurs in low moisture and low oxygen environment. The rust residue shows where the reaction started, especially in contact with chlorides. The causative factors of red rust are atmospheric and similar to black rust in a chloride-containing environment. The effect of packaging, manufacturing and environmental factors on rust colour is briefly discussed. Visual characterization of rust could pre-empt root causes and analytical tools for validation. The limitations of these concepts are mentioned and directions for future research highlighted.

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Capable of Degrading Phenol and Reducing Nitrate Under Low-Oxygen Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hun Baek ◽  
Kyoung-Ho Kim ◽  
Cheng-Ri Yin ◽  
Che Ok Jeon ◽  
Wan-Taek Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

Mass spectrometry-based analytical tools for the molecular protein characterization of human plasma lipoproteins

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2619-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Heller ◽  
Daniel Stalder ◽  
Evelyn Schlappritzi ◽  
Gertraud Hayn ◽  
Urs Matter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Protein Characterization ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Analytical Tools

Analytical techniques for the characterization of Antibody Drug Conjugates: Challenges and prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Neupane ◽  
Jonas Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugates ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Antibody Drug

Antibody drug conjugates are increasingly being researched for the treatment of cancer. Accurate and reliable characterization of ADCs is inevitable for their development as potential therapeutic agent. Different analytical techniques have been used in order to decipher heterogeneous nature of antibody drug conjugates, enabling successful characterization. This review will summarize specially three major analytical tools i.e. UV–Vis spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry used in characterization of antibody drug conjugates. In this review, major challenges during analysis due to the inherent features of analytical techniques and antibody drug conjugates are summarized along with the modifications intended to address each challenge.

scholarly journals Site-specific glycoproteomic characterization of ES-62: The major secreted product of the parasitic worm Acanthocheilonema viteae

Glycobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J North ◽  
Kwamina Botchway ◽  
James Doonan ◽  
Felicity E Lumb ◽  
Anne Dell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Parasitic Worm ◽  
Acanthocheilonema Viteae ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
First Time

Abstract ES-62 is the major secreted product of the parasitic filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae and has potent anti-inflammatory activities as a consequence of posttranslational decoration by phosphorylcholine (PC). Previously, we showed that ES-62’s PC was attached to N-linked glycans, and using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, we characterized the structure of the glycans. However, it was unknown at this time which of ES-62’s four potential N-glycosylation sites carries the PC-modified glycans. In the present study, we now employ more advanced analytical tools—nano-flow liquid chromatography with high-definition electrospray mass spectrometry—to show that PC-modified glycans are found at all four potential N-glycosylation sites. Also, our earlier studies showed that up to two PC groups were detected per glycan, and we are now able to characterize N-glycans with up to five PC groups. The number per glycan varies in three of the four glycosylation sites, and in addition, for the first time, we have detected PC on the N-glycan chitobiose core in addition to terminal GlcNAc. Nevertheless, the majority of PC is detected on terminal GlcNAc, enabling it to interact with the cells and molecules of the immune system. Such expression may explain the potent immunomodulatory effects of a molecule that is considered to have significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of certain human allergic and autoimmune conditions.

scholarly journals Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Guo-Sheng Li ◽  
Yong-Chao Lu ◽  
Xing Fan ◽  
Xian-Yong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Heteroatomic Organic Compounds

Elucidation of chemical composition of biooil is essentially important to evaluate the process of lignocellulosic biomass (LCBM) conversion and its upgrading and suggest proper value-added utilization like producing fuel and feedstock for fine chemicals. Although the main components of LCBM are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, the chemicals derived from LCBM differ significantly due to the various feedstock and methods used for the decomposition. Biooil, produced from pyrolysis of LCBM, contains hundreds of organic chemicals with various classes. This review covers the methodologies used for the componential analysis of biooil, including pretreatments and instrumental analysis techniques. The use of chromatographic and spectrometric methods was highlighted, covering the conventional techniques such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The combination of preseparation methods and instrumental technologies is a robust pathway for the detailed componential characterization of biooil. The organic species in biooils can be classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene-ring containing hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, and other heteroatomic organic compounds. The recent development of high resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques has considerably elucidated the composition of biooils.

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