scholarly journals Simultaneous multi-nuclide imaging via double-photon coincidence method with parallel hole collimators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Uenomachi ◽  
Kenji Shimazoe ◽  
Kenichiro Ogane ◽  
Hiroyuki Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Coincidence Method ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Tracer Imaging ◽  
Parallel Hole

AbstractMulti-tracer imaging can provide useful information in the definitive diagnosis and research of medical, biological, and pharmaceutical sciences. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is one of the nuclear medicine imaging modalities widely used for diagnosis or medical research and has a multi-tracer imaging capability. One of the drawbacks of multi-tracer imaging is crosstalk from other gamma rays, which affects the reconstructed image. Scattering correction methods, such as the dual- and triple-energy window methods, are used for conventional SPECT imaging to reduce the background caused by the crosstalk. This study proposes another crosstalk reduction method. Some nuclides emit two or more gamma rays through intermediate levels. Thus, detecting these gamma rays with the coincidence method allows us to distinguish a true gamma ray signal and a background signal. The nuclide position can be estimated at the intersection of two gamma rays using collimators. We demonstrate herein simultaneous 111In and 177Lu imaging via the double-photon coincidence method using GAGG detectors and parallel hole collimators. The double-photon coincidence method greatly reduces the background caused by other gamma rays and offers higher-quality images than does conventional imaging.

scholarly journals Simultaneous multi-nuclide imaging via double-photon coincidence method with parallel hole collimators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Uenomachi ◽  
Kenji Shimazoe ◽  
Kenichiro Ogane ◽  
Hiroyuki Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Coincidence Method ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Tracer Imaging ◽  
Parallel Hole

Abstract Multi-tracer imaging can provide useful information in the definitive diagnosis and research of medical, biological, and pharmaceutical sciences. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is one of the nuclear medicine imaging modalities widely used for diagnosis or medical research and has a multi-tracer imaging capability. One of the drawbacks of multi-tracer imaging is crosstalk from other gamma rays, which affects the reconstructed image. Scattering correction methods, such as the dual- and triple-energy window methods, are used for conventional SPECT imaging to reduce the background caused by the crosstalk. This study proposes another crosstalk reduction method. Some nuclides emit two or more gamma rays through intermediate levels. Thus, detecting these gamma rays with the coincidence method allows us to distinguish a true gamma ray signal and a background signal. The nuclide position can be estimated at the intersection of two gamma rays using collimators. We demonstrate herein simultaneous 111In and 177Lu imaging via the double-photon coincidence method using GAGG detectors and parallel hole collimators. The double-photon coincidence method greatly reduces the background caused by other gamma rays and offers higher-quality images than does conventional imaging.

scholarly journals Recent applications of nuclear medicine in diagnostics: II part

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Ernesto Cason ◽  
Giorgio Fagioli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are effective diagnostic imaging tools in several clinical settings. The aim of this article (the second of a 2-part series) is to examine some of the more recent applications of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, particularly in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and infection/inflammation. Discussion: A review of the literature reveals that in the field of neurology nuclear medicine techniques are most widely used to investigate cognitive deficits and dementia (particularly those associated with Alzheimer disease), epilepsy, and movement disorders. In cardiology, SPECT and PET also play important roles in the work-up of patients with coronary artery disease, providing accurate information on the state of the myocardium (perfusion, metabolism, and innervation). White blood cell scintigraphy and FDG-PET are widely used to investigate many infectious/inflammatory processes. In each of these areas, the review discusses the use of recently developed radiopharmaceuticals, the growth of tomographic nuclear medicine techniques, and the ways in which these advances are improving molecular imaging of biologic processes at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Nuclear medicine imaging technique in the erectile dysfunction evaluation: a mini-review

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (spe) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Godinho Ribeiro ◽  
Regina Moura ◽  
Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽  
Jean Pierre Spinosa ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Functional imaging with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography is capable of visualizing subtle changes in physiological function in vivo. Erectile dysfunction(ED) diminishes quality of life for affected men and their partners. Identification of neural substrates may provide information regarding the pathophysiology of types of sexual dysfunction originating in the brain. The aim of this work is to verify the approaches of the nuclear medicine techniques in the evaluation of the erectile function/disfunction. A search using the words ED and nuclear medicine, ED and scintigraphy, ED and spect and ED and pet was done in the PubMed. The number of citations in each subject was determined. Neuroimaging techniques offer insight into brain regions involved in sexual arousal and inhibition. To tackle problems such as hyposexual disorders or ED caused by brain disorders, it is crucial to understand how the human brain controls sexual arousal and penile erection.

scholarly journals Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Neuroblastoma: Current Status and New Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Atia Samim ◽  
Godelieve A.M. Tytgat ◽  
Gitta Bleeker ◽  
Sylvia T.M. Wenker ◽  
Kristell L.S. Chatalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Disease Extent

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children. At diagnosis, approximately 50% of patients present with metastatic disease. These patients are at high risk for refractory or recurrent disease, which conveys a very poor prognosis. During the past decades, nuclear medicine has been essential for the staging and response assessment of neuroblastoma. Currently, the standard nuclear imaging technique is meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine ([123I]mIBG) whole-body scintigraphy, usually combined with single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT-CT). Nevertheless, 10% of neuroblastomas are mIBG non-avid and [123I]mIBG imaging has relatively low spatial resolution, resulting in limited sensitivity for smaller lesions. More accurate methods to assess full disease extent are needed in order to optimize treatment strategies. Advances in nuclear medicine have led to the introduction of radiotracers compatible for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in neuroblastoma, such as [124I]mIBG, [18F]mFBG, [18F]FDG, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA peptides, [18F]F-DOPA, and [11C]mHED. PET has multiple advantages over SPECT, including a superior resolution and whole-body tomographic range. This article reviews the use, characteristics, diagnostic accuracy, advantages, and limitations of current and new tracers for nuclear medicine imaging in neuroblastoma.

A Review on Nuclear Imaging as a Promising Modality for Efficient Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Rafique ◽  
Rashid Rasheed ◽  
Saba Shamim ◽  
Munazza Ijaz ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Health Organization

: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and is declared a global health issue by the World Health Organization in 1993. Due to the complex pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it remains a global threat. This article reviews the conventional diagnostic modalities for tuberculosis, their limitations to detect latent TB, multiple drug-resistant TB, human immunodeficiency virus co-infected TB lesions, and TB in children. Moreover, this review illustrates the importance of nuclear medicine imaging for early, non-invasive diagnosis of TB to detect disease stages and monitor therapy response. Currently, single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography with their specific radionuclides have been extensively used for a thorough assessment of TB.

scholarly journals Radiolabeling of Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Highly Sensitive Disease-Specific Molecular Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Hassanzadeh ◽  
Suxiang Chen ◽  
Rakesh Veedu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotide ligand molecules with a unique three-dimensional shape, capable of binding to a defined molecular target with high affinity and specificity. Since their discovery, aptamers have been developed for various applications, including molecular imaging, particularly nuclear imaging that holds the highest potential for the clinical translation of aptamer-based molecular imaging probes. Their easy laboratory production without any batch-to-batch variations, their high stability, their small size with no immunogenicity and toxicity, and their flexibility to incorporate various functionalities without compromising the target binding affinity and specificity make aptamers an attractive class of targeted-imaging agents. Aptamer technology has been utilized in nuclear medicine imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), as highly sensitive and accurate biomedical imaging modalities towards clinical diagnostic applications. However, for aptamer-targeted PET and SPECT imaging, conjugation of appropriate radionuclides to aptamers is crucial. This review summarizes various strategies to link the radionuclides to chemically modified aptamers to accomplish aptamer-targeted PET and SPECT imaging.

scholarly journals High resolution and sensitivity gamma camera with active septa. A first Monte Carlo study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ilisie ◽  
Laura Moliner ◽  
Sandra Oliver ◽  
Filomeno Sánchez ◽  
Antonio J. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Pinhole Collimator ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGamma cameras are of great interest due to their high potential in the field of Nuclear Medicine Imaging. They allow for an early diagnosis of reduced size tumors, and also for a wide variety of preclinical studies with the aim of designing more effective treatments against cancer. In this work we propose a significantly improved multi-pinhole collimator gamma camera and perform a first Monte Carlo analysis of its characteristics. Maintaining the configuration of a multi-pinhole collimator with a high degree of overlapping (thus with a high sensitivity), we add a new element, an active septa, that besides acting as a collimator, is able to measure the impact coordinates of the incident photon. This way one is able to unambiguously identify through which pinhole any gamma ray passes before being detected. The result is a high sensitivity and resolution multi-pinhole gamma camera with an arbitrarily large field of view. As a consequence, the final reconstructed image does not suffer from the undesired artifacts or truncation associated to the multiplexing phenomenon. In this study we focus on the development of a system able to visualize in 3D tumors, nodes and metastasis in real time in the operating room with very low dose. We also briefly analyse and propose a novel design for a Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography system.

scholarly journals SPECT and PET Imaging of Meningiomas

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Valotassiou ◽  
Anastasia Leondi ◽  
George Angelidis ◽  
Dimitrios Psimadas ◽  
Panagiotis Georgoulias
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
World Health ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Volume Delineation

Meningiomas arise from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid membranes. They are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms and represent about 20% of all intracranial tumors. They are usually diagnosed after the third decade of life and they are more frequent in women than in men. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, meningiomas can be classified into grade I meningiomas, which are benign, grade II (atypical) and grade III (anaplastic) meningiomas, which have a much more aggressive clinical behaviour. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are routinely used in the diagnostic workup of patients with meningiomas. Molecular Nuclear Medicine Imaging with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could provide complementary information to CT and MRI. Various SPECT and PET tracers may provide information about cellular processes and biological characteristics of meningiomas. Therefore, SPECT and PET imaging could be used for the preoperative noninvasive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of meningiomas, prediction of tumor grade and tumor recurrence, response to treatment, target volume delineation for radiation therapy planning, and distinction between residual or recurrent tumour from scar tissue.

scholarly journals Gamma Camera Imaging with Rotating Multi-Pinhole Collimator. A Monte Carlo Feasibility Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Victor Ilisie ◽  
Laura Moliner ◽  
Constantino Morera ◽  
Johan Nuyts ◽  
José María Benlloch
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Gamma Camera Imaging ◽  
Camera Imaging

In this work, we propose and analyze a new concept of gamma ray imaging that corresponds to a gamma camera with a mobile collimator, which can be used in vivo, during surgical interventions for oncological patients for localizing regions of interest such as tumors or ganglia. The benefits are a much higher sensitivity, better image quality and, consequently, a dose reduction for the patient and medical staff. This novel approach is a practical solution to the overlapping problem which is inherent to multi-pinhole gamma camera imaging and single photon emission computed tomography and which translates into artifacts and/or image truncation in the final reconstructed image. The key concept consists in introducing a relative motion between the collimator and the detector. Moreover, this design could also be incorporated into most commercially available gamma camera devices, without any excessive additional requirements. We use Monte Carlo simulations to assess the feasibility of such a device, analyze three possible designs and compare their sensitivity, resolution and uniformity. We propose a final design of a gamma camera with a high sensitivity ranging from 0.001 to 0.006 cps/Bq, and a high resolution of 0.5–1.0 cm (FWHM), for source-to-detector distances of 4–10 cm. Additionally, this planar gamma camera provides information about the depth of source (with approximate resolution of 1.5 cm) and excellent image uniformity.

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