scholarly journals Pattern interaction effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Floryan ◽  
A. Inasawa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Particle Movement ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Horizontal Particle ◽  
Interaction Problem

AbstractUnexpected responses of physical systems to external stimuli can be observed when the stimuli are organized into spatial patterns and, especially, when stimuli of different physical origins are involved, leading to the pattern interaction problem. Combinations of weak stimuli—individually only capable of producing marginal local responses—can produce a global response without involving any bifurcations. Its existence is demonstrated by the interaction of properly tuned topography and temperature patterns. When these patterns overlap in a symmetry preserving manner, the resulting convection has the form of local rolls. When these patterns are misaligned, the resulting convection involves global horizontal particle movement with direction depending on the type of misalignment.

scholarly journals Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Lin ◽  
Borui Xu ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Jinrun Liu ◽  
Alexander Solovev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Species ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Hydrogel Microparticles ◽  
Controlled Motion ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Controllable Size

With controllable size, biocompatibility, porosity, injectability, responsivity, diffusion time, reaction, separation, permeation, and release of molecular species, hydrogel microparticles achieve multiple advantages over bulk hydrogels for specific biomedical procedures. Moreover, so far studies mostly concentrate on local responses of hydrogels to chemical and/or external stimuli, which significantly limit the scope of their applications. Tetherless micromotors are autonomous microdevices capable of converting local chemical energy or the energy of external fields into motive forces for self-propelled or externally powered/controlled motion. If hydrogels can be integrated with micromotors, their applicability can be significantly extended and can lead to fully controllable responsive chemomechanical biomicromachines. However, to achieve these challenging goals, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and motive mechanisms of hydrogel micromotors need to be simultaneously integrated. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of micromotors and hydrogels and proposes next steps required for the development of hydrogel micromotors, which become increasingly important for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.

scholarly journals Emotional Decision-Making Biases Prediction in Cyber-Physical Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Corredera ◽  
Marta Romero ◽  
Jose M. Moya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Decision Making Biases

This article faces the challenge of discovering the trends in decision-making based on capturing emotional data and the influence of the possible external stimuli. We conducted an experiment with a significant sample of the workforce and used machine-learning techniques to model the decision-making process. We studied the trends introduced by the emotional status and the external stimulus that makes these personnel act or report to the supervisor. The main result of this study is the production of a model capable of predicting the bias to act in a specific context. We studied the relationship between emotions and the probability of acting or correcting the system. The main area of interest of these issues is the ability to influence in advance the personnel to make their work more efficient and productive. This would be a whole new line of research for the future.

scholarly journals Are giant clams (Tridacna maxima) distractible? A multi-modal study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10050
Author(s):  
Ryan Doyle ◽  
Jonathan Kim ◽  
Angelika Pe ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Particle Movement ◽  
Giant Clams ◽  
Tridacna Maxima ◽  
Predator Response ◽  
External Stimuli

To properly assess risk, an animal must focus its attention on relevant external stimuli; however, attention can be reallocated when distracting stimuli are present. This reallocation of attention may interfere with an individual’s ability to effectively assess risk and may impede its response. Multiple stimuli presented together can have additive effects as distractors, and these include stimuli in different modalities. Although changes in noise and water flow are detectable by some bivalves, this has not been studied in the context of risk assessment or distraction. We experimentally exposed giant clams (Tridacna maxima) to changes in water particle movement through underwater sound (motorboat noise) and increased water flow to determine whether these stimuli, individually or together, modified risk assessment or caused distraction. We found that clams responded to sound, flow, and their combination by increasing frequency of mantle retractions (a potential anti-predator response) when exposed to a stimulus. Sound alone did not change risk assessment in either the latency to close or to reemerge following closure. However, when exposed to both stimuli simultaneously, clams increased their latency to close. We suggest that clams perceive sound and flow in an additive way, and are thus distracted. Interestingly, and uniquely, clams discriminate these multimodal stimuli through a single sensory modality. For sessile clams, anthropogenic noise is detectable, yet unavoidable, suggesting that they be especially vulnerable to marine noise pollution.

scholarly journals Out-of-equilibrium statistical dynamics of spatial pattern generating cellular automata

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo P. Olimpio ◽  
Hyun Youk
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Collective Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Dynamics ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Kinetic Trapping

ABSTRACTHow living systems generate order from disorder is a fundamental question1-5. Metrics and ideas from physical systems have elucidated order-generating collective dynamics of mechanical, motile, and electrical living systems such as bird flocks and neuronal networks6-8. But suitable metrics and principles remain elusive for many networks of cells such as tissues that collectively generate spatial patterns via chemical signals, genetic circuits, and dynamics representable by cellular automata1,9-11. Here we reveal such principles through a statistical mechanics-type framework for cellular automata dynamics in which cells with ubiquitous genetic circuits generate spatial patterns by switching on and off each other’s genes with diffusing signalling molecules. Lattices of cells behave as particles stochastically rolling down a pseudo-energy landscape – defined by a spin glass-like Hamiltonian – that is shaped by “macrostate” functions and genetic circuits. Decreasing the pseudo-energy increases the spatial patterns’ orderliness. A new kinetic trapping mechanism – “pathway trapping” – yields metastable spatial patterns by preventing minimization of the particle’s pseudo-energy. Noise in cellular automata reduces the trapping, thus further increases the spatial order. We generalize our framework to lattices with multiple types of cells and signals. Our work shows that establishing statistical mechanics of computational algorithms can reveal collective dynamics of signal-processing in biological and physical networks.

When Apologies for Injustice Matter

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Cremer ◽  
Barbara C. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fairness Perceptions ◽  
Organizational Survey ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

The present research examined the idea that the effectiveness of apologies on promoting fairness perceptions depends on how meaningful and sincere the apology is experienced. More precisely, it was predicted that apologies are more effective when they are communicated by an authority being respectful to others. A study using a cross-sectional organizational survey showed that an apology (relative to giving no apology) revealed higher fairness perceptions, but only so when the authority was respectful rather than disrespectful. In a subsequent experimental laboratory study the same interaction effect (as in Study 1) on fairness perceptions was found. In addition, a similar interaction effect also emerged on participants’ self-evaluations in terms of relational appreciation (i.e., feeling valued and likeable). Finally, these self-evaluations accounted (at least partly) for the interactive effect on fairness perceptions.

When Does Voice Have to be More Than Only Listening? Procedural Justice Effects as a Function of Confident Leadership

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Cremer ◽  
Maarten Wubben
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Negative Emotions

The present research examined how voice procedures and leader confidence affect participants’ negative emotions and willingness to withdraw. It was predicted that receiving voice would be valued out of instrumental concerns, but only when the enacting leader was high in confidence. Two laboratory experiments indeed showed an interaction between type of voice (pre-decisional vs. post-decisional) and leader’s confidence (low vs. high) on participants’ negative emotions and willingness to withdraw. In particular, post-decision voice only led to more negative responses than did pre-decision voice when the enacting leader was high in confidence. Negative emotions mediated this interaction effect of type of voice on willingness to withdraw. Implications for integrating the leadership and procedural justice literatures are discussed.

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