A phosphorus-containing hyperbranched phthalocyanine flame retardant for epoxy resins

AbstractA hyperbranched phosphorus-containing copper phthalocyanine compound (DOPO-CuPc) was successfully synthesized and used as the flame-retardant additive to prepare flame-retarded epoxy thermosets. The addition of DOPO-CuPc led to a significant enhancement of the flame retardant properties of the epoxy resin. The 15DOPO-CuPc/EP composite obtained a LOI value of 35.8%, and the UL-94 rose from NR to V-0 rating. And the addition of DOPO-CuPc resulted in early decomposition of the epoxy thermoset, but the residual char at 700 °C reached 27.7%. The flame retardant mechanism was further investigated. It was found that DOPO-CuPc could release phosphorus-containing radicals and non-combustible gases in the gas phase to exert gas-phase flame retardant activity. In the condensed phase, the epoxy thermoset formed the expanded honeycomb-like char layer during combustion and the presence of copper phthalocyanine contributed to the stability of the char layer.

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Preparation and characterization of flame retardant epoxy resins based on phosphorus-containing biphenyl-type phenolic resin

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2010.10.1.1372 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiapei Ding ◽

Zhiqiang Tao ◽

Lin Fan ◽

Shiyong Yang

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resins ◽

Phenolic Resin ◽

Phosphorus Loading ◽

Curing Agent ◽

Good Thermal Stability ◽

Phosphorus Containing ◽

Strong Lewis Acid ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

AbstractA phosphorus-containing biphenyl-type phenolic resin (PBP) was prepared by dehydration polycondensation of the DOPO-disubstituted 4,4’- biphenyldimethanol compound (BDCA-2DOPO) with phenol in the presence of strong Lewis acid , in which BDCA-2DOPO was prepared by the reaction of DOPO with 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde. The PBP resin has been evaluated as the curing agent of o-cresol epoxy resins. Experimental results indicated that the PBPcured epoxy resins exhibited good thermal stability, high char yields at 700 oC and outstanding flame retardant properties. UL 94 V-0 classifications could be obtained when the phosphorus loading in the epoxy resin is higher than 1.8 wt%.

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SEBS-based thermoplastic elastomers containing aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate: Thermal degradation, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties

Journal of Fire Sciences ◽

10.1177/0734904119830591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 137-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xi Cheng ◽

Jianming Wu ◽

Yulin Li ◽

Chenguang Yao ◽

Guisheng Yang

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽

Char Residue ◽

Melamine Cyanurate ◽

Char Layer ◽

Phenylene Oxide ◽

Peak Heat Release Rate ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Aluminum Hypophosphite

Aluminum hypophosphite combined with melamine cyanurate and poly(phenylene oxide) was applied to flame-retard TPE-S system (blends of SEBS and polyolefin). The flame-retardant properties of the TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO were investigated by LOI and vertical burning test (UL-94). The results indicated that TPE-S containing 16 wt% AHP, 20 wt% MCA, and 10 wt% PPO reached a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and its LOI value was 28.2%. It performed well in the cone calorimeter (reduction in peak heat release rate from 2001 to 494 kW m−2). Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests showed that AHP and MCA acted in gaseous phase, while AHP and PPO helped to form char residue. The SEM graphs demonstrated that continuous and compact films cover bubbles of the char layer in TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO. The proposed flame-retardant mechanisms of such systems were summarized.

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Flame-retarded polyurethane foam conferred by a bio-based nitrogen‑phosphorus-containing flame retardant

Reactive and Functional Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105057 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105057

Author(s):

Fuhao Dong ◽

Yuqi Wang ◽

Shibo Wang ◽

Hiba Shaghaleh ◽

Penghao Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Phosphorus Containing ◽

Flame Retarded ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

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A bio-based phosphaphenanthrene-containing derivative modified epoxy thermosets with good flame retardancy, high mechanical properties and transparency

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra05709j ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (49) ◽

pp. 30943-30954

Author(s):

Wei Peng ◽

Yu-xuan Xu ◽

Shi-bin Nie ◽

Wei Yang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Epoxy Resins ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

The Past ◽

Phosphorus Containing ◽

Modified Epoxy

Phosphorus-containing flame retardants have received huge interest for improving the flame retardant behavior of epoxy resins (EP) over the past few decades.

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Synthesis of novel phosphorus-containing epoxy hardeners and thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of cured products

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.34894 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 1219-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Yuan-Qin Xiong ◽

Xu-Yong Zhang ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Ming-Ming Li ◽

Fei Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Phosphorus Containing ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

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Synthesis of a DOPO-triazine additive and its flame-retardant effect in rigid polyurethane foam

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2019-0024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 235-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lin Liu ◽

Rui Lv

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Flame Retarded ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Mechanical Performances ◽

Halogen Free

AbstractA DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphen-anthrene-10-oxide)-based halogen-free flame retardant (ODOPM-CYC) was synthesized and incorporated in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The structure of ODOPM-CYC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), 1H NMR and 31P NMR. The effects of ODOPM-CYC on the flame resistance, mechanical performances, thermal properties and cell structure of RPUF were also investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of ODOPM-CYC strikingly enhanced flame retardant properties of RPUF. The flame retarded RPUF acquired a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26% and achieved UL-94 V-0 rating with the phosphorus content of 3 wt%. The smoke production rate (SPR) also showed an obvious decrease and total smoke release (TSR) was 39.8% lower than that of neat RPUF. Besides, the results demonstrated that the incorporation of ODOPM-CYC provided RPUF better thermal stability but did not show any obvious influence on its thermal conductivity.

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