SEBS-based thermoplastic elastomers containing aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate: Thermal degradation, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties

Aluminum hypophosphite combined with melamine cyanurate and poly(phenylene oxide) was applied to flame-retard TPE-S system (blends of SEBS and polyolefin). The flame-retardant properties of the TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO were investigated by LOI and vertical burning test (UL-94). The results indicated that TPE-S containing 16 wt% AHP, 20 wt% MCA, and 10 wt% PPO reached a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and its LOI value was 28.2%. It performed well in the cone calorimeter (reduction in peak heat release rate from 2001 to 494 kW m−2). Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests showed that AHP and MCA acted in gaseous phase, while AHP and PPO helped to form char residue. The SEM graphs demonstrated that continuous and compact films cover bubbles of the char layer in TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO. The proposed flame-retardant mechanisms of such systems were summarized.

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Influence of Intumescent Flame Retardant on Flammability and Tensile Behavior of Oil-Extended SEBS

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.65 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 749 ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Xiao Yan Li ◽

Yan Chun Li ◽

Chen Jie Shi ◽

Si Si Cai ◽

Xia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Oxygen Index ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽

Degradation Behavior ◽

Char Layer ◽

Micro Holes ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Limited Oxygen

A kind of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were used for flame retarding of oil-extended hydrogenated styrene-butylenes-styrene (O-SEBS). The samples were systemically characterized by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the IFR retardant can promote residual chars with multi-micro holes on the surface of SEBS to inhibit flame; with 45% IFR content, the LOI is 28.3 and flame retardant level is UL-94 classification of V-0, with no dripping. The morphological structures observed by SEM demonstrated that higher IFR content promote to form larger and compact films cover on bubbles of the intumescent char layer. The TG data revealed that the IFR could change the degradation behavior of the O-SEBS, enhance the thermal stability and increase the char residue, The tensile strength of all the O-SEBS/IFR blends had the tensile strength of more than 4MPa and the elongation of more than 850%.

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Heat Transfer and Flame Retardant Properties of Silicone Elastomers

International Polymer Science and Technology ◽

10.1177/0307174x1704400101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

K. Lehmann ◽

A. Nawracala

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Silicone Elastomers ◽

Transfer Characteristics ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

The following article discusses the use of novel compounds from the Tegosil series which are intended to significantly increase the thermal conductivity of HCR- and even LSR-based silicone elastomers or to provide a simple way of improving their flame retardant properties by adding these compounds. Heat transfer characteristics from hot disc testing are presented and the reduced burn time in the UL 94 test demonstrates the improved flame resistance of the resulting elastomer formulations.

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Improvements on Flame Retardant Properties of PET/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Caused by Polyborosiloxane

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1007-s12-33 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yue Huo ◽

Qinguo Fan ◽

Nicholas A Dembsey ◽

Prabir K Patra

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Processing Temperature ◽

Peak Heat Release Rate ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Fire Properties ◽

Flame Retardation ◽

Mmt Clay

ABSTRACTA phenyl-containing highly cross linked polyborosiloxane (PBSiO) was synthesized as a flame retardant for polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We coated montmorillonite (MMT) clay, a very high aspect ratio and high specific surface area layered silicate with synthesized PBSiO to introduce synergism in flame retardation to the PET nanocomposite film that retained thermal and mechanical properties. This PBSiO has high thermal stability at the processing temperature (270-285° C) of PET and acts as a compatibilizer between PET and clay that are otherwise incompatible. During burning, the flame retardant PET containing PBSiO and MMT forms a protective borosilicatecarbonaceous intumescent char on the surface. Cone calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate key fire properties of the PET/PBSiO/MMT. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PET that contains 5 wt% PBSiO and 2.5 wt% MMT was reduced by 60% and similar trend in the reduction of mass loss rate of the nanocomposite was observed.

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Combination effect of MoS2 with aluminum hypophosphite in flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate composites

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra04861g ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (44) ◽

pp. 37672-37680 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Keqing Zhou ◽

Gang Tang ◽

Saihua Jiang ◽

Zhou Gui ◽

Yuan Hu

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽

Combination Effect ◽

Melamine Cyanurate ◽

Aluminum Hypophosphite

A series of flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) composites, with different aluminum hypophosphite (AHP), melamine cyanurate (MCA) and MoS2 content, has been prepared.

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Mechanical and Flame Retardant Properties of Phenolic Foam Modified with Polyethyleneglycol as Toughening Agent

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.21 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 803 ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ming Gao ◽

Yong Li Yang ◽

Zhi Qiang Xu

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Apparent Density ◽

Heat Stability ◽

Test Results ◽

Phenolic Foam ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Toughening Agent ◽

Limited Oxygen

Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) was used as a as a toughening agent and mixed with the phenolic resin to prepare the foam. The effects of polyethyleneglycol on mechanical and flame retardant properties of phenolic foam were studied by compressive strength, tensile strength, heat stability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UL-94 and limited oxygen index (LOI). The apparent density and SEM results showed that the addition of PEG can decrease the apparent density of phenolic foam. The compressive, impact test results showed that the incorporation of PEG into PF dramatically improved the compressive strength, impact strength, indicating the excellent toughening effect of PEG. The LOI of PEG modified phenolic foams remained a high value and the UL-94 results showed all samples can pass V-0 rating, indicating the modified foams still had good flame retardance. The thermal properties of the foams were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis.

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Synthesis of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant Oligomer and its Application in ABS Copolymer

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.204 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 391-392 ◽

pp. 204-208

Author(s):

Xiao Ping Hu ◽

Yu Yang Guo ◽

Quan Min Xu ◽

Hui Min Heng ◽

Liang Jun Li

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Initial Temperature ◽

Oxygen Index ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽

Char Residue ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Combustion Behaviors ◽

High Initial Temperature

A novel intumescent flame retardant oligomer containing phosphorous-nitrogen structure (PSPTR) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). The thermal behavior of PSPTR was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA data shows that PSPTR has a high initial temperature of thermal degradation and a high char residue of 41.18wt% at 700 . A novel intumescent ﬂame retardant (IFR) system, which is composed of PSPTR and novolac phenol (NP), was used to impart ﬂame retardancy of ABS. The combustion behaviors of the ABS/IFR composites were investigated by Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and UL-94 tests. When the content of IFR (PSPTR:NP=1:1 mass ratio) is 30 wt%, the LOI value of ABS/IFR reaches 28.2, and the vertical burning test reaches UL-94 V-1 rating.

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Peanut Shell Derived Carbon Combined with Nano Cobalt: An Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26216662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 6662

Author(s):

Jing Liang ◽

Wenhao Yang ◽

Anthony Chun Yin Yuen ◽

Hu Long ◽

Shuilai Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Barrier Effect ◽

Physical Barrier ◽

Char Layer ◽

Peak Heat Release Rate ◽

2D Structure

Biomass-derived carbon has been recognised as a green, economic and promising flame retardant (FR) for polymer matrix. In this paper, it is considered that the two-dimensional (2D) structure of carbonised peanut shells (PS) can lead to a physical barrier effect on polymers. The carbonised sample was prepared by the three facile methods, and firstly adopted as flame retardants for epoxy resin. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter tests indicate that the carbon combined with nano Cobalt provides the most outstanding thermal stability in the current study. With 3 wt.% addition of the FR, both peak heat release rate (pHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) decrease by 37.9% and 33.3%, correspondingly. The flame retardancy mechanisms of the FR are further explored by XPS and TG-FTIR. The effectiveness of carbonised PS can be mainly attributed to the physical barrier effect derived by PS’s 2D structure and the catalysis effect from Cobalt, which contribute to form a dense char layer.

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A Novel Self-Assembled Graphene-Based Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flame Retardant Performance in PLA

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13234216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 4216

Author(s):

Peixin Yang ◽

Hanguang Wu ◽

Feifei Yang ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Rui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Total Heat Release ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Nucleation Agent ◽

Char Layer ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Peak Heat Release Rate ◽

Positive Effect

In this study, a novel flame retardant (PMrG) was developed by self-assembling melamine and phytic acid (PA) onto rGO, and then applying it to the improvement of the flame resistance of PLA. PMrG simultaneously decreases the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR) of the composite during combustion, and enhances the LOI value and the time to ignition (TTI), thus significantly improving the flame retardancy of the composite. The flame retardant mechanism of the PMrG is also investigated. On one hand, the dehydration of PA and the decomposition of melamine in PMrG generate non-flammable volatiles, such as H2O and NH3, which dilute the oxygen concentration around the combustion front of the composite. On the other hand, the rGO, melamine, and PA components in PMrG create a synergistic effect in promoting the formation of a compact char layer during the combustion, which plays a barrier role and effectively suppresses the release of heat and smoke. In addition, the PMrGs in PLA exert a positive effect on the crystallization of the PLA matrix, thus playing the role of nucleation agent.

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Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13203496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 3496

Author(s):

Junming Geng ◽

Jianyu Qin ◽

Jiyu He

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

Melting Method ◽

Organic Montmorillonite ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.

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