scholarly journals Blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as an index of psychological task disengagement in the motivated performance situations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Behnke ◽  
Adrian Hase ◽  
Lukasz D. Kaczmarek ◽  
Paul Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Challenge And Threat ◽  
The Difference

AbstractChallenge and threat models predict that once individuals become engaged with performance, their evaluations and cardiovascular response determine further outcomes. Although the role of challenge and threat in predicting performance has been extensively tested, few studies have focused on task engagement. We aimed to investigate task engagement in performance at the psychological and physiological levels. We accounted for physiological task engagement by examining blunted cardiovascular reactivity, the third possible cardiovascular response to performance, in addition to the challenge/threat responses. We expected that low psychological task engagement would be related to blunted cardiovascular reactivity during the performance. Gamers (N = 241) completed five matches of the soccer video game FIFA 19. We recorded psychological task engagement, heart rate reactivity, and the difference between goals scored and conceded. Lower psychological task engagement was related to blunted heart rate reactivity during the performance. Furthermore, poorer performance in the previous game was related to increased task engagement in the subsequent match. The findings extend existing literature by providing initial evidence that blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as the index of low task engagement.

Vocal Expression of Anger and Cardiovascular Reactivity within Dyadic Interactions

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Ann Sargent ◽  
Stephen R. Flora ◽  
Stacey L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Vocal Expression ◽  
Anger Arousal

This experiment was conducted to examine whether the vocal expression of anger correlated with cardiovascular reactivity within dyadic interactions. Participants selected three social issues on which they had a strong opinion and, with a confederate who opposed their views, debated these opinions in each of the three vocal styles. The three vocal styles were (1) Anger-out during which they described their view in a loud, fast voice, (2) Mood-incongruent during which they described their view in a soft, slow voice, and (3) Anger-in during which they listened to the confederate oppose their view and only responded from a list of neutral phrases given to them. Cardiovascular reactivity measures (heart rate and blood pressure) were taken during the initial baseline and the three expression of anger conditions. Both the anger-out and mood-incongruent vocal styles significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure and heart-rate reactivity measures. The disparity between the results of this experiment and previous ones on anger and cardiovascular response may be related to differences in the method of anger-arousal (memory-evoked versus dyadic interactions). Results are discussed in terms of similarities to active and passive coping and defensiveness.

Role of vasopressin in the cardiovascular response to hypoxia in the conscious rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. H1316-H1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables

Previous experiments have demonstrated that hypoxia stimulates the release of arginine vasopressin in conscious animals including the rat. The present study was designed to test whether AVP may exert a vasoconstrictor influence during hypoxia at varying levels of CO2. Systemic hemodynamics were assessed in conscious rats for 30 min under hypocapnic hypoxic, isocapnic hypoxic, hypercapnic hypoxic, and room air conditions. Progressive effects on heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were observed with varying CO2 under hypoxic conditions. Hypocapnic hypoxia [arterial PO2 (PaO2) = 32 Torr; arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) = 22 Torr] caused HR and CO to rise and TPR to fall. Isocapnic hypoxia (PaO2 = 36 Torr; PaCO2 = 35 Torr) was associated with no significant changes in HR and CO or TPR, whereas hypercapnic hypoxia (PaO2 = 35 Torr; PaCO2 = 51 Torr) caused HR and CO to fall and TPR to rise. Room air time control experiments were associated with no change in measured hemodynamic variables. To determine the possible role of circulating AVP on these cardiovascular responses, additional experiments were performed where the specific V1-vasopressinergic antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (10 micrograms/kg iv) was administered at the midpoint of hypoxic exposure. Antagonist administration had no effect on hypocapnic hypoxic animals or animals breathing room air; however, blood pressure and TPR were significantly reduced by d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP in both isocapnic and hypercapnic hypoxic animals. The heart rate response to hypoxia at the various CO2 levels was unaffected; however, cardiac output and stroke volume were increased after V1-antagonism in the isocapnic and hypercapnic hypoxic animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Afferent vascular resistance control during hemorrhage in normal and autonomically blocked rabbits

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H380-H391 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Courneya ◽  
P. I. Korner ◽  
J. R. Oliver ◽  
R. L. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Local Response ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Constrictor Response

We examined the role of the arterial and cardiac baroreceptors on the hindquarter conductance and heart rate responses of conscious rabbits bled at approximately 3% blood volume (BV)/min to 80% BV (i.e., 20% BV removed). We used rabbits with both sets of baroreceptors working and when only one or neither sets was working. Each animal was studied with normal effector function and during autonomic blockade (hormonal + local effectors), where release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and renin (angiotensin II, ANG II) were enhanced. The local response (LR) to hemorrhage was determined in a separate group of neurohumorally blocked rabbits. The estimated constrictor response (ECR) was the difference between the LR and net conductance response. In normal rabbits, the ECR was 49 units, with the estimated arterial-to-cardiac barorecptor drive ratio approximately 2.8:1 and with the two receptor groups acting by simple addition. Both barorecptors contributed to the rise in heart rate, with the relative arterial-to-cardiac baroreceptor drive ratio approximately 4:1. When hemorrhage was performed during autonomic blockade, ECR was 84 units (compared with normal rabbits, P less than 0.01), but blood pressure was poorly maintained and the constrictor effect was not under baroreceptor control. Although the baroreceptors were critical for AVP release during autonomic blockade, they played no role in renin release (ANG II production); the latter was released in large amounts, producing near-maximum constriction, which was unrelated to the afferent input. Thus neurally mediated regulation during hemorrhage has substantial advantages over that mediated primarily through the pressor hormones.

Is stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity a pathway linking positive and negative emotionality to carotid intima-media thickness?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Marie DuPont ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Stephen N. Manuck ◽  
Matthew Muldoon ◽  
J. Richard Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Positive Emotionality ◽  
Blood Pressure Reactivity ◽  
Pressure Reactivity

Stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity, trait positive emotionality, and negative emotionality are all associated with cardiovascular disease. It is unknown, however, whether cardiovascular reactivity may constitute a pathway by which trait positive or negative emotionality relates to disease risk. Accordingly, this study modeled the cross-sectional relationships between trait positive and negative emotionality, stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity, and severity of a subclinical vascular marker of cardiovascular risk, carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT). The sample consisted of healthy, midlife adults free from clinical cardiovascular disease (N = 286; ages 30-54; 50% female). Trait positive and negative emotionality were measured by three questionnaires. Heart rate and blood pressure reactivity were assessed across three stressor tasks. CA-IMT was assessed by ultrasonography. Latent factors of positive and negative emotionality, blood pressure reactivity, heart rate reactivity, and CA-IMT were created using structural equation modeling. Greater negative emotionality was marginally associated with more CA-IMT (β = .21; p = .049), but lower blood pressure reactivity (β = -.19; p = .03). However, heightened blood pressure (β = .21; p = .03), but not heart rate reactivity (β = -.05; p = .75), associated with greater CA-IMT. Positive emotionality was uncorrelated with cardiovascular reactivity (blood pressure: β = -.04; p = .61; heart rate: β = .16; p = .11) and CA-IMT (β = .16; p = .07). Although trait negative emotionality associates with a known marker of cardiovascular disease risk, independent of positive emotionality, it is unlikely via a stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity pathway.

scholarly journals Possible Caveats of Ultra-Short Heart Rate Variability Reliability: Insights from Recurrence Quantification Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiago Murilo Melo ◽  
Mariana Cardoso Melo ◽  
Roger Walz ◽  
Emílio Takase ◽  
Jean Faber
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Recurrence Quantification Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Recurrence Quantification ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Clinical Measures

Abstract The heart rate variability (HRV) is the difference between consecutive R-R intervals of heartbeats measured in milliseconds. HRV indices represent the role of sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic branches. Even though HRV is considered an indirect biomarker of Autonomic Nervous System, there are not yet standardized protocols providing reliable clinical measures. One of the reasons is because HRV techniques requires long recording periods. There are attempts of decreasing the required recording, such as the strategy of ultra-short HVR recording (< one minute), which could make the utilization of the technique easier. However, there is little published about its reliability. This work proposes a method to evaluate the reliability of ultra-short HVR based in Poincare map and Recurrence Quantification Analysis, well known methods to assess nonlinear and dynamic information from a system, in order to verify the reliability of the use of ultra-short term HRV. Then, these results was compared with the classical HRV coefficients, such as rMSSD, recorded from subjects in spontaneous breathing and also, in controlled breathing protocols. As a conclusion, using the proposed methods, we were able to show the discrepancy between the segments of interest, both on mean and in variance, explained in the analysis of main components.

Role of arterial baroreceptors in mediating cardiovascular response to exercise

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ McRitchie ◽  
SF Vatner ◽  
D Boettcher ◽  
GR Heyndrickx ◽  
TA Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Severe Exercise ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptor

The role played by the major arterial baroreceptor reflexes in the cardiovascular response to exercise was examined by comparing the responses of untethered conscious dogs instrumented for the measurement of aortic pressure and cardiac output with those of dogs with total arterial barorecptor denervation (TABD). Moderately severe levels of exercise (12 mph) in intact dogs increased cardiac output from 111 +/- 17 ml/kg per min, increased heart rate from 101 +/- 5 to 265 +/- 8 beats/min, and reduced total peripheral resistance from 0.039 +/- 0.003 to 0.015 +/- 0.002 mmHg/ml per min. Dogs with TABD responded in a very similar fashion; exercise increased cardiac output from 119 +/- 8 to 356 /+- 23 ml/kg per min, increased heart rate from 122 +/- 7 to 256 +/- 5 beats/min, and decreased total peripheral resistance from 0.042 +/- 0.005 to +/- 0.015 +/- 0.001 mmHg/ml per min. The reflex heart rate responses to intravenous bolus doses of methoxamine were also examined in intact animals, both at rest and during exercise. Methoxamine caused striking bradycardia at rest, but little bradycardia during exercise. These results suggest that the arterial baroreceptor reflex is normally turned off during severe exercise and thus does not modify significantly the cardiovascular response to exercise.

scholarly journals Role of oral gabapentin in attenuating cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1470-1475
Author(s):  
Mohsin Riaz Askri ◽  
Shumyala Maqbool ◽  
Kausar Abbas Shah ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: To determine the role of 800 mg oral gabapentin in attenuating cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Study Design: Double Blind Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Independent University Hospital/Independent Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period: Six months from January1st 2019 to June 30th 2019. Material & Methods: This study included 60 patients which were divided into two equal groups. 800 mg oral gabapentin was given to group I while capsule placebo was administrated to group II patients in pre-operative area one hour prior to surgery. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were taken after induction of anesthesia at base line and then 1,2,3,4,5,10 and 15 minutes after endotracheal intubation. SPSS version 11 was used to analyze the data. Heart rate systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were dependent variables while placebo and gabapentin were independent variables. Results: Out of total 60 patients there were 36 (60 %) males and 24 (40 %) females. In group I mean age was 37.1 while in group II it was 36.3. As compare to group II there was decreased cardiovascular response in group I. There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure at 1,2 and 10 minutes; diastolic blood pressure at 3 minutes; heart rate at 10 and 15 minutes and mean arterial blood pressure at 3 minutes after induction in group I. Conclusion: Cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation is significantly reduced with oral gabapentin.

Uncertainty of Outcomes as a Component of Active Coping

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Baker ◽  
David Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Attentional Processes

Abstract Control or control-belief is often viewed as being directly instrumental in facilitating active coping in aversive situations, and yet the empirical evidence for the effects of control is inconclusive. In this study we investigated the role of feedback and predictability in determining the effects of control-belief during an aversive reaction time task. Ninety-six subjects were allocated to one of eight conditions in a 2 × 2 × 2 control-belief by feedback by predictability factorial design. All subjects were matched in terms of the nature of the task and in the number and time of receipt of both the warning signal and noise. Heart rate reactivity and task performance (reaction time) were measured. Subjects who received feedback displayed greater phasic heart rate responses following the noise stimulus and smaller decreases in heart rate during the postimpact period than those without feedback, particularly in predictable conditions. Control-belief had no effect on heart rate responses. None of the factors led to better task performance. These findings are discussed in relation to processes of active coping and attentional processes of stimulus input, and the need for further studies examining the relative contributions of control-belief, feedback, and predictability in determining cardiovascular function is highlighted.

Altered heart rate baroreflex during pregnancy: role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. R960-R966 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Brooks ◽  
C. M. Kane ◽  
D. M. Van Winkle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reflex Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Perfused Hearts

Two studies were performed to determine whether the attenuation of baroreflex control of heart rate during late pregnancy in conscious rabbits is due to changes in parasympathetic (Para) or sympathetic (Sym) control of the heart. In the first, baroreflex relationships between arterial pressure and heart rate were generated before and after treatment with propranolol (Pro) to block Sym or with methscopolamine (Meth) to block Para. Each rabbit was studied in both the pregnant and nonpregnant state. Pregnancy decreased maximum baroreflex gain from 14.9 +/- 4.0 to 4.8 +/- 0.9 beats.min-1.mmHg-1 (P < 0.01) and decreased heart rate range from 177 +/- 6 to 143 +/- 10 beats/min (P < 0.01), primarily by increasing minimum heart rate (114 +/- 6 to 134 +/- 8 beats/min; P < 0.01). The difference between pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits in baroreflex gain was not altered by Meth but was abolished by Pro, suggesting that it is due to decreased Sym control of the heart. The elevated minimum heart rate of pregnancy persisted after Pro, but was abolished by Meth, suggesting that it is mediated by decreased Para control of the heart. In the second study, isolated buffer-perfused hearts from pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits were treated with increasing doses of isoproterenol (0.3-300 mM) or acetylcholine (0.3-10,000 microM), and the heart rate responses were determined. Hearts from pregnant rabbits were more sensitive to isoproterenol (P < 0.05), but less responsive to acetylcholine (P < 0.05). In conclusion, pregnancy-induced decreases in cardiac reflex gain and range appear to be mediated by alterations in Sym and Para, respectively. The change in Sym occurs proximal to the heart, whereas the decreased contribution of Para may be due, at least in part, to decreased sensitivity of the heart to acetylcholine.

CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY IN ANAEMIC DOGS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
M. A. Chiong ◽  
J. D. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Exchange ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Arterial Plasma

Cardiovascular responses to the intravenous administration of adrenaline were measured as a means of assessing cardiovascular reactivity in intact anaesthetized dogs, before and at 3 hours and 3 days after the rapid production of anaemia by a dextran-for-blood exchange. Three types of experiments were carried out. In experiments A and B, 2.0 and 5.0 μg/kg of adrenaline (respectively) were injected intravenously before and at both periods after exchange, and the changes in arterial blood pressure were assessed. In experiment B the changes in the arterial plasma concentration of potassium and sodium were also measured. In experiment C, several cardiovascular parameters, including cardiac output (Fick method), arterial pressure, and heart rate, were measured before and at the end of a 15-minute infusion of adrenaline in a dose of 0.2 μg/kg minute. In all three experiments, evidence of a reduced cardiovascular response to adrenaline was found when the dogs were anaemic; and in experiment B the adrenaline-induced hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia were found to be significantly reduced during anaemia.The mechanism of the hyporeactivity to adrenaline during anaemia is not clear, but may include changes in blood volume, electrolyte disturbances, and severe anoxia.

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