scholarly journals Sustainable intensification of maize and wheat cropping system through pulse intercropping

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Tripathi ◽  
Karnam Venkatesh ◽  
Raj Pal Meena ◽  
Subhash Chander ◽  
G. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Saving Effect

AbstractThe intercropping of legumes with cereals help to achieve sustainable intensification by their mutual complementarity at efficiently using radiation, nutrients, etc. Several studies indicated such beneficial effects on the other component crop however, little research has been conducted to quantify their effects on the subsequent crop in a cropping system. In this study, the effect of the legume intercropping on the entire cropping system, particularly the maize + legume-wheat system was studied. Four legumes intercropped to maize followed by wheat crop were studied for intensification measures such as wheat equivalent yield (WEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), sustainable value index (SVI), and economic returns. N saving effect of legumes on the subsequent wheat crop was quantified with two N levels. Maize + cowpea-wheat combination was the most productive and economic intercrop combination (LER = 1.71, SVI = 0.96) with an increase in net economic return (43.63%) with a B:C ratio of 1.94. An additional 25% N (37.5 kg ha−1) was saved in the wheat crop when the legume intercropping was undertaken with maize. The results suggest that intercropping is the key to diversification and reduces the risk of crop failures by enhancing land-use efficiency, soil fertility, and economic returns under weather vagaries. This will be beneficial to small and marginal farmers of many countries.

Banana and Bean Intercropping: Factors Affecting Bean Yield and Land Use Efficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Wortmann ◽  
T. Sengooba ◽  
S. Kyamanywa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bean Yield

SummaryBeans and bananas were grown in sole crop and intercrop systems for three seasons in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of cropping system on diseases, insects and land-use efficiency and the roles of certain bean plant physiological traits on bean yield in the two systems.Bean yield in the intercrop system was 52% of bean sole crop yield. Shading reduced yield, but stem starch levels, chlorophyll content and the chlorophyll a:b ratio were not related to seed yield in either system. Leaf area index was linearly related to yield in the intercrop system, suggesting that a higher plant density may result in higher yields. Nutrient concentration levels in the foliar tissues indicated that low potassium and high manganese availability constrained intercrop bean yield. Leaf manganese levels were higher in beans grown under bananas, reaching levels normally considered toxic for beans. Competition for other nutrients did not appear to affect bean yield. Apparently, interspecies competition for soil moisture did not much reduce bean yields as moisture levels did not differ with cropping system. Disease and insect pest levels were similar for the two bean production systems.Banana yields were associated with potassium levels in the soil. Bananas appeared to be more competitive than beans in the intercrop system. The land equivalent ratio of the banana and bean intercropping system over the three seasons was 1.60.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production—Yield Gaps and Water Use Efficiency in Farming Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Anita Ierna
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Use Efficiency

The primary objective of any cropping system continues to be increasing the productivity and profitability of crops [...]

scholarly journals Ginger Integration in Maize Based Cropping System for Increased Income in the Hills of Nepal

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Y. R. Pandey ◽  
T. B. Karki ◽  
G. P. Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Hill

A field experiment was conducted at Deurali, Palpa (1200 m asl) during 2004 rainy season to identify the appropriate plant population of maize for increased productivity of maize ginger, net economic return and land use efficiency due to integration of the above crops based cropping system in the hills. Maize was planted as double planting (double plants in a hill with 100x100 cm spacing), single planting (single plant in a hill with 100 x 50 cm spacing), normal planting (75 x 25 cm spacing) and ginger was cropped in between the maize rows at 30 x 30 cm spacing sole maize and sole ginger. The results of the experiment showed that the highest maize and ginger yield were obtained from sole planting system with an average of 6.15 and 41.13t/ha maize ginger and fresh ginger rhizomes respectively. the lowest net return of Rs 16,934/ha was obtained from sole maize planting. Among the intercropping systems. Maize double planting and ginger integration system produced significantly high net income of Rs. 535,426/ha with acceptable land equivalent ration (LER) (1.40). However, the highest net return of Rs 604,034/ ha was obtained from ginger as sole planting. Since maize is the staple food crop in the hill and it could not be ignored in the cropping system, maize double planting with ginger integration was found beneficial with significant high net profit compared to sole maize while ginger gave 12.81% more net profit compared to intercropping. the result of the experiment revealed that double planting of maize with ginger integration system would be profitable instead of sole maize but cultivation of ginger as sole crop has been found much profitable than intercropping in the mid-hills. In the hilly regions farmers generally grow maize and ginger separately. The concept of intercropping maize + ginger in a field enhances crop productivity per unit area. This information which is documented in the maize + ginger in a field enhances crop productivity per unit area. This information which is documented in the different social studies in western hills. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006

scholarly journals The Perfect Match: Adjusting High Tree Density to Rootstock Vigor for Improving Cropping and Land Use Efficiency of Sweet Orange

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2569
Author(s):  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
João Gabriel Panegossi Sola ◽  
Marcelo da Silva Scapin ◽  
Alécio Souza Moreira ◽  
Renato Beozzo Bassanezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dwarfing Rootstocks

The rise in the productivity of sweet orange in Brazil has been related to the use of superior rootstocks and higher tree density, among other factors. In order to investigate whether the cropping system and the land use efficiency would benefit from more intensive cultivation, the performance of Valencia sweet orange was evaluated over nine years on four rootstocks, which induced contrasting vigor, at 513, 696 and 1000 trees·ha−1. Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) 1697 and IAC 1710 citrandarins, and diploid and allotetraploid (4×) Swingle citrumelos were classified as semi-dwarfing, super-standard, standard, and dwarfing rootstocks, respectively. The fruit yield per tree was decreased at higher tree densities, notably for more vigorous rootstocks. Conversely, the cumulative productivity was increased over the evaluation period by 27% at 1000 trees·ha−1, irrespective of the rootstock, and the most vigorous rootstock resulted in 2.5 times higher production than the dwarfing one on average. Most fruit quality parameters were seldom influenced by the tree density, while the rootstock was a decisive factor in improving the quality and the soluble solids content. Dwarfing rootstocks allowed for harvesting 17% more fruit per minute by manual pickers. Because the tree row volume per area is lower with such rootstocks, even at higher tree density, spray volume can be reduced, although appropriate equipment should be developed for better spray coverage on smaller trees. Nine years after planting under strict vector control, the cumulative incidence of huanglongbing-symptomatic trees on IAC 1710 was double that on Swingle 4×. Taken together, the results suggested that the land use efficiency in the citrus industry can be further improved by planting vigorous rootstocks at moderate to high tree densities. Nevertheless, obtaining highly productive semi-dwarfing and dwarfing rootstocks is the sine qua non for making high-density pedestrian sweet orange orchards more profitable.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Pupuk Urea Dan Lahan Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Jagung “Double Row” Pada Pola Tanam Tumpang Sari Dengan Kacang Tanah

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Andrestu Kesuma ◽  
Niar Nurmauli ◽  
Paul B. Timotiwu ◽  
Herawati Hamim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Expected Increase

Mixed cropping of corn and peanut in “double row” is expected increase efficiency of ureafertilizing and efficiency of land utilization. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency ofthe urea fertilizing on corn production and to evaluate the efficiency of land utilization in“double row” mixed with peanut. The research conducted in Field of Laboratory LapangTerpadu and Laboratory Ilmu Tanam Faculty of Agriculture University of Lampung fromJuly to October 2014. The experiment used Complete block design with nine treatments andthree replications. The results showed that intercropping of corn “double row” and peanutsdid not affect the efficiency of urea. However, the cropping system increased land utilization.The value of land use efficiency based on yield per hectare has the highest yield at a dose of300 kg urea/ ha that is equal to 1,76. While giving urea fertilizer at dose 0, 50, 100, 150,200, and 250 kg/ ha shows the efficiency of land use amounted to 1,18; 1,20; 1,31; 1,53;1,66; and 1,44.

Sustainable diversification of maize (Zea mays L.) -legumes cropping systems for productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency in West Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokidul Islam ◽  
L. K. Nath ◽  
T. Samajdar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tura during kharif, pre-rabi and rabi season of 2011-12 to 2013-14 to determine the suitable production potential, profitability, resource use efficiency and sustainability of diversified maize-legumes cropping system. The five cropping sequences viz., CS1: Maize + Blackgram (1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS2: maize + green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS3: maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS4: maize + Ssybean(1:2) – tomato and CS5: maize sole – green gram – tomato were replicated four times using a randomized block design on sandy loam soil with low to medium fertility level and slightly acidic in reaction. The cropping system “Maize + Green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato” was found to be most remunerative and sustainable with system productivity (175.49 q/ha), net return (Rs.3,38,725/ha), profitability (Rs. 928.01 /ha/day), benefit cost ratio (4.40), sustainable yield index (1.00), production efficiency (Rs.58.30/ha/day), relative economic efficiency (162.72%), except land use efficiency(LUE) which was the highest (85.75%) in “maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato” cropping system. The lowest system productivity, net returns, profitability, production efficiency, land use efficiency etc was found in maize+ soybean (1:2)- tomato followed by maize-greengram-tomato cropping system. Hence, the cropping sequence maize + green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato and maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato were found to be the productive, profitable, remunerative, resource use efficient and sustainable in the mid hills sub-tropical regions of India.

scholarly journals Development of Maize-T. Aus-T. Aman cropping pattern against Maize-Fallow-T. Aman rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
MUS Khatun ◽  
UK Laily ◽  
MAU Alam ◽  
MK Islam ◽  
MM Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Use Efficiency

The field experiment was conducted at MLT site Pirganj, Rangpur and Hatibandha’ Lalmonirhat for two consecutive years 2015-16 and 2016-17 to introduce T. Aus in the fallow period and to study the comparative agronomic performance and economic return of two cropping sequences (viz. improved cropping pattern; Maize -T. Aus - T. Aman rice and existing cropping pattern; Maize-Fallow-T. Aman rice) for increasing cropping intensity, productivity and land use efficiency. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. Two years mean data showed that the improved management practices for the pattern provided significantly higher yield in improved pattern. Higher rice equivalent yield (REY) of cropping system (mean value 17.34 t ha-1) was recorded with the improved pattern over existing pattern at MLT site Pirganj. REY increased 4.60 t ha-1 by inclusion of T. Aus with improved production technologies for the component crops. Similar results were also found in Hatibandha. The gross return of the improved pattern was BDT 346764 ha-1 which was more than 33.56% higher than farmers’ pattern of BDT 259640 ha-1 at MLT site Pirganj and in Hatibandha gross return of the improved pattern was BDT 342800 ha-1 which was more than 27.77% higher than farmers’ pattern of BDT 268300 ha-1. The gross margin was higher in improved cropping pattern in both locations than existing pattern due to addition of T. Aus.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 107-116, 2018

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