scholarly journals Uncovering diversity and metabolic spectrum of animals in dead zone sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Broman ◽  
Stefano Bonaglia ◽  
Oleksandr Holovachov ◽  
Ugo Marzocchi ◽  
Per O. J. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Gradient ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

AbstractOcean deoxygenation driven by global warming and eutrophication is a primary concern for marine life. Resistant animals may be present in dead zone sediments, however there is lack of information on their diversity and metabolism. Here we combined geochemistry, microscopy, and RNA-seq for estimating taxonomy and functionality of micrometazoans along an oxygen gradient in the largest dead zone in the world. Nematodes are metabolically active at oxygen concentrations below 1.8 µmol L−1, and their diversity and community structure are different between low oxygen areas. This is likely due to toxic hydrogen sulfide and its potential to be oxidized by oxygen or nitrate. Zooplankton resting stages dominate the metazoan community, and these populations possibly use cytochrome c oxidase as an oxygen sensor to exit dormancy. Our study sheds light on mechanisms of animal adaptation to extreme environments. These biological resources can be essential for recolonization of dead zones when oxygen conditions improve.

scholarly journals A fat-tissue sensor couples growth to oxygen availability by remotely controlling insulin secretion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Texada ◽  
Anne F. Joergensen ◽  
Christian F. Christensen ◽  
Daniel K. Smith ◽  
Dylan F.M. Marple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Limited Oxygen

AbstractOrganisms adapt their metabolism and growth to the availability of nutrients and oxygen, which are essential for normal development. This requires the ability to sense these environmental factors and respond by regulation of growth-controlling signals, yet the mechanisms by which this adaptation occurs are not fully understood. To identify novel growth-regulatory mechanisms, we conducted a global RNAi-based screen in Drosophila for size differences and identified 89 positive and negative regulators of growth. Among the strongest hits was the FGFR homologue breathless necessary for proper development of the tracheal airway system. Breathless deficiency results in tissue hypoxia (low oxygen), sensed primarily in this context by the fat tissue. The fat, in response, relays this information through release of one or more humoral factors that remotely inhibit insulin secretion from the brain, thereby restricting systemic growth. Thus our findings show that the fat tissue acts as an oxygen sensor that allows the organism to reduce its growth in adaptation to limited oxygen conditions.

scholarly journals Lon-Mediated Proteolysis of the FeoC Protein Prevents Salmonella enterica from Accumulating the Fe(II) Transporter FeoB under High-Oxygen Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunkeun Kim ◽  
Hwiseop Lee ◽  
Dongwoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Lon Protease ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Inner Membrane Protein

TheSalmonellaFeo system consists of the FeoA, FeoB, and FeoC proteins and mediates ferrous iron [Fe(II)] import. FeoB is an inner membrane protein that, along with contributions from two small hydrophilic proteins, FeoA and FeoC, transports Fe(II). We previously reported that FeoC binds to and protects the FeoB transporter from FtsH-mediated proteolysis. In the present study, we report proteolytic regulation of FeoC that occurs in an oxygen-dependent fashion. While relatively stable under low-oxygen conditions, FeoC was rapidly degraded by the Lon protease under high-oxygen conditions. The putative Fe-S cluster of FeoC seemed to function as an oxygen sensor to control FeoC stability, as evidenced by the finding that mutation of the putative Fe-S cluster-binding site greatly increased FeoC stability under high-oxygen conditions.Salmonellaectopically expressing thefeoBandfeoCgenes was able to accumulate FeoB and FeoC only under low-oxygen conditions, suggesting that FeoC proteolysis preventsSalmonellafrom accumulating the FeoB transporter under high-oxygen conditions. Finally, we propose that Lon-mediated FeoC proteolysis followed by FtsH-mediated FeoB proteolysis helpsSalmonellato avoid uncontrolled Fe(II) uptake during the radical environmental changes encountered when shifting from low-iron anaerobic conditions to high-iron aerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Lei Xuan ◽  
Jianfeng Hua ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Adh Genes ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

Pilot-scale production of cloudy juice from low-quality pear fruit under low-oxygen conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domien De Paepe ◽  
Katleen Coudijzer ◽  
Bart Noten ◽  
Dirk Valkenborg ◽  
Kelly Servaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Pilot Scale Production ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

scholarly journals The radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine and its main metabolite dFdU under low oxygen conditions is in vitro not dependent on functional HIF-1 protein

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Wouters ◽  
Bea Pauwels ◽  
Natalie Burrows ◽  
Marc Baay ◽  
Vanessa Deschoolmeester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

scholarly journals Do low oxygen environments facilitate marine invasions? Relative tolerance of native and invasive species to low oxygen conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2321-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo E. Lagos ◽  
Diego R. Barneche ◽  
Craig R. White ◽  
Dustin J. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Marine Invasions ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

Benthic foraminiferal response to relative sea-level changes in the Maastrichtian–Danian succession at the Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERIF FAROUK ◽  
SREEPAT JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Level Curve ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Benthic Environment ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Dakhla Oasis ◽  
Regional Tectonics

AbstractThe Maastrichtian–Danian benthic foraminiferal diversity and assemblages through sequence stratigraphy were studied at Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. Benthic foraminifera numbers (BFN), high-flux species and characteristic benthic foraminiferal species and genera distribution are also incorporated to assess palaeobathymetry, palaeoenvironment and palaeoproductivity. All these proxies are then taken together to construct a sea-level curve and interpreted in terms of regional tectonics, climate and eustasy. Data suggest a remarkably highly equitable benthic environment deposited in a brackish littoral and/or marsh setting with moderate (?) to low oxygen conditions and reduced salinity (oligotrophic), possibly due to increased precipitation and terrestrial runoff. The interrupted dominance of calcareous forms and high-organic-flux species suggests occasional marine incursions and high palaeoproductivity, due to local upwelling. The inferred sea-level curve replicates the global eustatic curve and suggests that the curve is more influenced by the prevailing climate and global eustasy rather than by regional tectonics. The post-Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary displays improvement in the environment in terms of diversity and number of species and specimens, with a marked reduction in the abundance of high-organic-flux species during early Paleocene (Danian) time, indicating a shift from a more mesotrophic open marine environment to much reduced oligotrophic conditions.

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