scholarly journals A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bank ◽  
Royce T. Cumming ◽  
Yunchang Li ◽  
Katharina Henze ◽  
Stéphane Le Tirant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Stick Insects

AbstractThe insect order Phasmatodea is known for large slender insects masquerading as twigs or bark. In contrast to these so-called stick insects, the subordinated clade of leaf insects (Phylliidae) are dorso-ventrally flattened and therefore resemble leaves in a unique way. Here we show that the origin of extant leaf insects lies in the Australasian/Pacific region with subsequent dispersal westwards to mainland Asia and colonisation of most Southeast Asian landmasses. We further hypothesise that the clade originated in the Early Eocene after the emergence of angiosperm-dominated rainforests. The genus Phyllium to which most of the ~100 described species pertain is recovered as paraphyletic and its three non-nominate subgenera are recovered as distinct, monophyletic groups and are consequently elevated to genus rank. This first phylogeny covering all major phylliid groups provides the basis for future studies on their taxonomy and a framework to unveil more of their cryptic and underestimated diversity.

Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision under Suga: Transition and Future Challenges in Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Kei KOGA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Policy Strategy ◽  
Future Challenges

While the Suga administration has managed Japan’s foreign policy towards ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) relatively well on the basis of the “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” that former Prime Minister Abe had envisioned, the administration left a task for the next prime minister to creatively devise a foreign policy strategy to manage the three main challenges in the Indo-Pacific region concerning ASEAN Centrality, Indo-Pacific institutional arrangement and value-based diplomacy.

Household food providers’ attitudes to the regulation of food marketing and government promotion of healthy foods in five countries in the Asia Pacific region

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1236-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Worsley ◽  
Wei Chun Wang ◽  
Rani Sarmugam ◽  
Quynh Pham ◽  
Judhiastuty Februhartanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Household Food

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand middle class household food providers’ attitudes to the regulation of food marketing and the promotion of healthy food practices. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional, online questionnaire survey was administered to 3,925 urban respondents in Indonesia, Melbourne, Shanghai, Singapore and Vietnam. Cross-tabulation, confirmatory factor analyses and multiple regression analyses were employed. Findings Most respondents supported government communications to promote healthy eating and to a lesser extent, regulatory measures to control unhealthy food marketing. Personal values and country of residence were more strongly associated with the respondents’ views than demographic variables. Overall, strongest support for nutrition promotion and for stricter regulation of food marketing was seen in Shanghai, Indonesia and Vietnam. Broadly, two groups were identified across the region: those who held equality-nature or tradition-security-conformity personal values, who disapproved of food marketing but supported government health promotion campaigns, and, those with stronger hedonist values who held opposite views. Research limitations/implications First, a wider range of personal values could be included in future studies to better represent Asian values. Second, changes in population views could be assessed in future longitudinal studies. Finally, future studies should include dietary assessments and the views of people from a variety of socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. Practical implications These findings suggest that health policy makers and communicators need to frame their communications to match the world views of household food providers in their countries. Originality/value The study provides confirmation of attitude-values theories within five different countries in the Asia Pacific region and demonstrates the importance of personal values and country of residence in influencing food providers’ views.

Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS A. CRAIG ◽  
DOUGLAS C. CURRIE ◽  
PHILIPPE VERNON
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Larval Instars

The taxonomy of the genus Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae) is reviewed. Apart from the eggs, all stages of Crozetia crozetensis (Womersley) and Cr. seguyi Beaucournu-Saguez and Vernon, are fully redescribed with only claws and genitalia detailed for the female of Cr. crozetensis. A phylogenetic analysis of the Simuliidae indicates that Crozetia is the sister group of all other members of the extant Simuliini, in agreement with current molecular evidence. Palaeogeological evidence on the age of the Crozet Islands is equivocal, but a very late Cretaceous to early Eocene age (79-54 Mya) is most likely, hence the presence of simuliids on this archipelago is not the result of vicariance from Gondwanaland. Method of dispersal to the Crozet Archipelago may have been via wind or possibly vectored by birds from Africa, as suggested by presence of a basal tooth on the adult female claw. Morphometric analysis of larvae of Cr. seguyi indicates seven instars which is typical for the Simuliidae.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Sim
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The Political ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Southeast Asian Studies ◽  
Asian Cinema ◽  
Experimental Films

Inaugurated by a theoretical reading of experimental films from Indonesia, the Conclusion proposes principles and methods for future studies of Southeast Asian cinema. It grapples self-reflexively with the implications of applying critical theory and continental philosophy on undertheorized films from Southeast Asia, and acknowledges historical apprehensions regarding theory’s ability to imperialize knowledge. These intellectual politics render it worthwhile to ponder the political roots of Southeast Asian studies and area studies, for they are disciplines rooted in imperial and neo-imperial projects as well. Out of that conundrum, Southeast Asia’s uniqueness creates challenges for research, but these cinemas may also provide the infrastructure for a method that can wriggle free and clear these ideological or political overhangs.

scholarly journals Pteropine orthoreovirus: An important emerging virus causing infectious disease in the tropics?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeh Fong Tan ◽  
Cheong Lieng Teng ◽  
Kaw Bing Chua ◽  
Kenny Voon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
The Tropics

Introduction: Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) is an emerging zoonotic respiratory virus that has spilled over from bats to humans. Though initially found only in bats, further case studies have found viable virus in ill patients. Methodology: PubMed was queried with the keywords of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus OR Pteropine orthoreovirus OR Melaka orthoreovirus OR Kampar orthoreovirus, and returned 17 hits. Results: Based on prevalence studies, the presence of PRV has been reported in Malaysia and Vietnam, both developing countries. Other case reports also provide further evidence of the presence of PRV in the Southeast Asian region. Despite the absence of PRV in their home countries, travellers from Hong Kong and Japan to Indonesia have returned to their countries ill with this virus, indicating that local communities in Indonesia might be affected by this virus. Conclusions: This work aims to bring to light this emerging zoonotic respiratory virus circulating among developing countries in Southeast Asia. To improve the understanding of PRV of the medical and scientific community in the Southeast Asian region, this work introduces the general features of PRV, reports of imported PRV, prevalence, and clinical features of PRV. Gaps in knowledge about PRV have also been identified in this work, and we hope that future studies can be undertaken to improve our understanding of this virus.

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