Sugar Beet Cultivation in England

Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 is one of the most economically important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide. It is also widespread in most sugar beet growing regions in Ukraine causing serious yield reduction and decreasing sugar content of sugar beet in infested fi elds. An advanced parasitic strategy of H. schachtii is employed to support nematode growth, reproduction and harmfulness. In intensive agriculture systems the nematode control measures heavily rely on nematicides and good agricultural practice (crop rota- tion in the fi rst place). But alternative strategies based on nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars and hybrids are required as none of nematicides approved for the open fi eld application are registered in Ukraine. Here we review the achievements and problems of breeding process for H. schachtii resistance and provide the results of national traditional breeding program. Since the beginning of 1980s fi ve sugar beet cultivars (Verchnyatskyi 103, Yaltuschkivska 30, Bilotcerkivska 45, BTs-40 and Yuvileynyi) and seventeen lines partly resistant or toler- ant to H. schachtii have been obtained throughout targeted crossing and progenies assessment in the infested fi elds. The further directions for better utilization of genetic sources for nematode resistance presented in na- tional gene bank collection are emphasized. There is a need for more accurate identifi cation of resistance genes, broader application of reliable molecular markers (suitable for marker-assisted selection of nematode resistant plants in the breeding process) and methods for genetic transformation of plants. Crop cash value and national production capacity should drive the cooperation in this fi eld. Knowledge as well as germplasm exchange are thereby welcomed that can benefi t breeding progress at national and international level.

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Computing Model for Vibratory Digging-Out of Sugar Beet Roots

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp1.02.052 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

V. Bulgakov ◽

V. Adamchuk ◽

H. Kaletnyk

Keyword(s):

Differential Equations ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Vertical Plane ◽

Forward Motion ◽

Admissible Velocity ◽

Beet Root ◽

Optimum Speed ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Sugar Beet Root ◽

The Given

The new design mathematical model of the sugar beet roots vibration digging-out process with the plowshare vibration digging working part has been created. In this case the sugar beet root is simulated as a solid body , while the plowshare vibration digging working part accomplishes fl uctuations in the longitudinal - vertical plane with the given amplitude and frequency in the process of work . The aim of the current research has been to determine the dependences between the design and kinematic parameters of the sugar beet roots vibra- tion digging-out technological process from soil , which provide the ir non-damage. Methods . For the aim ac- complishment, the methods of design mathematical models constructing based on the classical laws of me- chanics are applied. The solution of the obtained differential equations is accomplished with the PC involve- ment. Results . The differential equations of the sugar beet root’s motion in course of the vibration digging-out have been comprised . They allow to determine the admissible velocity of the vibration digging working part’s forward motion depending on the angular parameters of the latter. In the result of the computational simula- tion i.e., the solution of the obtained analytical dependence by PC, the graphic dependences of the admissible velocity of plowshare v ibration digging working part’s forward motion providing the extraction of the sugar beet root from soil without the breaking-off of its tail section have been determined. Conclusions . Due to the performed analytical research , it has been established that γ = 13 ... 16 ° , β = 20 ... 30 ° should be considered as the most reasonable values of γ and β angles of the vibration digging working part providing both its forward motion optimum speed and sugar beet root digging-out from the soil without damage . On the ground of the data obtained from the analytical rese arch, the new vibration digging working parts for the sugar beet roots have been designed; also the patents of Ukraine for the inventions have been obtained for them.

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