scholarly journals SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b played similar but irreplaceable roles in regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyun Zhou ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Hexin Tan ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
E Box ◽  
Inducible Genes

Abstract Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which contains tanshinones and phenolic acids as major classes of bioactive components, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Production of tanshinones and phenolic acids is enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Transcription factor MYC2 is the switch of jasmontes signaling in plants. Here, we focused on two novel JA-inducible genes in S. miltiorrhiza, designated as SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b, which were localized in the nucleus. SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b were also discovered to interact with SmJAZ1 and SmJAZ2, implying that the two MYC2s might function as direct targets of JAZ proteins. Ectopic RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown experiments suggested that SmMYC2a/b affected multiple genes in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Besides, the accumulation of tanshinones and phenolic acids was impaired by the loss of function in SmMYC2a/b. Meanwhile, SmMYC2a could bind with an E-box motif within SmHCT6 and SmCYP98A14 promoters, while SmMYC2b bound with an E-box motif within SmCYP98A14 promoter, through which the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway might achieve. Together, these results suggest that SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b are JAZ-interacting transcription factors that positively regulate the biosynthesis of tanshinones and Sal B with similar but irreplaceable effects.

scholarly journals The methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor SmMYB1 promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
Changping Deng ◽  
Sunjie Lu ◽  
Fenfen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractWater-soluble phenolic acids are major bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant species Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phenolic acid biosynthesis is induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in this important Chinese herb. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying this induction by analyzing a transcriptome library of S. miltiorrhiza in response to MeJA. Global transcriptome analysis identified the MeJA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor-encoding gene SmMYB1. Overexpressing SmMYB1 significantly promoted phenolic acid accumulation and upregulated the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway, including cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (CYP98A14). Dual-luciferase (dual-LUC) assays and/or an electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) indicated that SmMYB1 activated the expression of CYP98A14, as well as the expression of genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway enzymes, including chalcone isomerase (CHI) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). In addition, SmMYB1 was shown to interact with SmMYC2 to additively promote CYP98A14 expression compared to the action of SmMYB1 alone. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SmMYB1 is an activator that improves the accumulation of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in S. miltiorrhiza. These findings lay the foundation for in-depth studies of the molecular mechanism underlying MeJA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis and for the metabolic engineering of bioactive ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza.

scholarly journals ABA-responsive transcription factor bZIP1 is involved in modulating biosynthesis of phenolic acids and tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 5948-5962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changping Deng ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper

Abstract Phenolic acids and tanshinones are major bioactive ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which possess pharmacological activities with great market demand. However, transcriptional regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Here, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor (TF) named SmbZIP1 was screened from the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced transcriptome library. Overexpression of SmbZIP1 positively promoted phenolic acid biosynthesis by enhancing expression of biosynthetic genes such as cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H1). Furthermore, biochemical experiments revealed that SmbZIP1 bound the G-Box-like1 element in the promoter of the C4H1 gene. Meanwhile, SmbZIP1 inhibited accumulation of tanshinones mainly by suppressing the expression of biosynthetic genes including geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) which was confirmed as a target gene by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In contrast, the phenolic acid content was reduced and tanshinone was enhanced in CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9]-mediated knockout lines. In addition, the previously reported positive regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis, SmERF1L1, was found to be inhibited in SmbZIP1 overexpression lines indicated by RNA sequencing, and was proven to be the target of SmbZIP1. In summary, this work uncovers a novel regulator and deepens our understanding of the transcriptional and regulatory mechanisms of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis, and also sheds new light on metabolic engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.

The AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF1L1 regulates the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza

2019 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Meihong Sun ◽  
Tingpan Yuan ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Erf Transcription Factor

The accumulation of phenolic acids and coproporphyrin by iron-deficient cultures of Bacillus subtilis

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Peters ◽  
R. A. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Iron Complex ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Acid Accumulation

Phenolic acids started to accumulate before coproporphyrin in cultures of B. subtilis grown under conditions of iron deficiency. If hemin synthesis was reduced or prevented, both phenolic acid accumulation and the iron-uptake capacity of the cells were decreased. A mutant strain unable to synthesize hemin accumulated phenolic acids only if the culture medium was extracted with hydroxyquinoline to remove residual iron. A mixture of iron and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was more effective than iron alone in reducing coproporphyrin accumulation by iron-deficient cultures. It is suggested that phenolic acids are produced by B. subtilis to solubilize the iron in the medium; under iron deficiency the biosynthetic pathway for phenolic acids is derepressed so that residual iron in the medium will be made available to the cell as the phenolic acid: iron complex.

scholarly journals bHLH transcription factor SmbHLH92 negatively regulates biosynthesis of phenolic acids and tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Jian-hong Zhang ◽  
Hai-zhou Lv ◽  
Wan-jing Liu ◽  
Ai-jia Ji ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor

scholarly journals R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor SmMYB52 Positively Regulates Biosynthesis of Salvianolic Acid B and Inhibits Root Growth in Salvia miltiorrhiza

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9538
Author(s):  
Rao Yang ◽  
Shengsong Wang ◽  
Haolan Zou ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
Encoding Genes

The dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine that was used for over 1000 years in China. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is the main natural bioactive product of S. miltiorrhiza. Although many publications described the regulation mechanism of SalB biosynthesis, few reports simultaneously focused on S. miltiorrhiza root development. For this study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene (SmMYB52) was overexpressed and silenced, respectively, in S. miltiorrhiza sterile seedlings. We found that SmMYB52 significantly inhibited root growth and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation, whereas it activated phenolic acid biosynthesis and the jasmonate acid (JA) signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that SmMYB52 suppressed the transcription levels of key enzyme-encoding genes involved in the IAA biosynthetic pathway and activated key enzyme-encoding genes involved in the JA and phenolic acid biosynthesis pathways. In addition, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase assay showed that SmMYB52 directly binds to and activates the promoters of several key enzyme genes for SalB biosynthesis, including SmTAT1, Sm4CL9, SmC4H1, and SmHPPR1, to promote the accumulation of SalB. This is the first report of a regulator that simultaneously affects root growth and the production of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza.

JA-Responsive Transcription Factor SmMYB97 Promotes Phenolic Acid and Tanshinone Accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (50) ◽  
pp. 14850-14862
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Donghao Wang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Xiaoding Yu ◽  
Xinyi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza

scholarly journals Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Laccase Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Revealed Their Roles in Growth, Development, and Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Liang Xiao ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Jingxian Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Laccase Genes

Laccases are multicopper-containing glycoproteins related to monolignol oxidation and polymerization. These properties indicate that laccases may be involved in the formation of important medicinal phenolic acid compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza such as salvianolic acid B (SAB), which is used for cardiovascular disease treatment. To date, 29 laccases have been found in S. miltiorrhiza (SmLACs), and some of which (SmLAC7 and SmLAC20) have been reported to influence the synthesis of phenolic acids. Because of the functional redundancy of laccase genes, their roles in S. miltiorrhiza are poorly understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used for targeting conserved domains to knockout multiple genes of laccase family in S. miltiorrhiza. The expressions of target laccase genes as well as the phenolic acid biosynthesis key genes decrease dramatically in editing lines. Additionally, the growth and development of hairy roots was significantly retarded in the gene-edited lines. The cross-sections examination of laccase mutant hairy roots showed that the root development was abnormal and the xylem cells in the edited lines became larger and looser than those in the wild type. Additionally, the accumulation of RA as well as SAB was decreased, and the lignin content was nearly undetectable. It suggested that SmLACs play key roles in development and lignin formation in the root of S. miltiorrhiza and they are necessary for phenolic acids biosynthesis.

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