scholarly journals Reduced subcortical glutamate/glutamine in adults with autism spectrum disorders: a [1H]MRS study

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e279-e279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Horder ◽  
T Lavender ◽  
M A Mendez ◽  
R O'Gorman ◽  
E Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Broader Phenotype ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Abstract Dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, relatively few studies have directly measured brain glutamate in ASD adults, or related variation in glutamate to clinical phenotype. We therefore set out to investigate brain glutamate levels in adults with an ASD, comparing these to healthy controls and also comparing results between individuals at different points on the spectrum of symptom severity. We recruited 28 adults with ASD and 14 matched healthy controls. Of those with ASD, 15 fulfilled the ‘narrowly’ defined criteria for typical autism, whereas 13 met the ‘broader phenotype’. We measured the concentration of the combined glutamate and glutamine signal (Glx), and other important metabolites, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in two brain regions implicated in ASD—the basal ganglia (including the head of caudate and the anterior putamen) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex—as well as in a parietal cortex ‘control’ region. Individuals with ASD had a significant decrease (P<0.001) in concentration of Glx in the basal ganglia, and this was true in both the ‘narrow’ and ‘broader’ phenotype. Also, within the ASD sample, reduced basal ganglia Glx was significantly correlated with increased impairment in social communication (P=0.013). In addition, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of other metabolites such as choline, creatine (Cr) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the basal ganglia. In the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Cr and NAA were reduced (P<0.05), although Glx was not. There were no detectable differences in Glx, or any other metabolite, in the parietal lobe control region. There were no significant between-group differences in age, gender, IQ, voxel composition or data quality. In conclusion, individuals across the spectrum of ASD have regionally specific abnormalities in subcortical glutamatergic neurotransmission that are associated with variation in social development.

Metabolic abnormality in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Eui Park ◽  
Nam-Gil Choi ◽  
Gwang-Woo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to evaluate metabolic changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsIn total, 14 OCD patients (mean age 28.9±7.2 years) and 14 healthy controls (mean age 32.6±7.1 years) with no history of neurological and psychiatric illness participated in this study. Brain metabolite concentrations were measured from a localised voxel on the right DLPFC using a 3-Tesla 1H-MRS.ResultsThe metabolic concentration of myo-inositol in patients with OCD increased significantly by 52% compared with the healthy controls, whereas glutamine/glutamate was decreased by 11%. However, there were no significant differences in N-acetylaspartate, choline, lactate and lipid between the two groups.ConclusionThese findings would be helpful to understand the pathophysiology of OCD associated with the brain metabolic abnormalities in the right DLPFC.

scholarly journals Metabolite Alterations in Adults With Schizophrenia, First Degree Relatives, and Healthy Controls: A Multi-Region 7T MRS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Andrea Wijtenburg ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Stephanie A. Korenic ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Peter B. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Centrum Semiovale ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in schizophrenia have shown altered GABAergic, glutamatergic, and bioenergetic pathways, but if these abnormalities are brain region or illness-stage specific is largely unknown. MRS at 7T MR enables reliable quantification of multiple metabolites, including GABA, glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln), from multiple brain regions within the time constraints of a clinical examination. In this study, GABA, Glu, Gln, the ratio Gln/Glu, and lactate (Lac) were quantified using 7T MRS in five brain regions in adults with schizophrenia (N = 40), first-degree relatives (N = 11), and healthy controls (N = 38). Metabolites were analyzed for differences between groups, as well as between subjects with schizophrenia with either short (&lt;5 years, N = 19 or long (&gt;5 years, N = 21) illness duration. For analyses between the three groups, there were significant glutamatergic and GABAergic differences observed in the anterior cingulate, centrum semiovale, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. There were also significant relationships between anterior cingulate cortex, centrum semiovale, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cognitive measures. There were also significant glutamatergic, GABAergic, and lactate differences between subjects with long and short illness duration in the anterior cingulate, centrum semiovale, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Finally, negative symptom severity ratings were significantly correlated with both anterior cingulate and centrum semiovale metabolite levels. In summary, 7T MRS shows multi-region differences in GABAergic and glutamatergic metabolites between subjects with schizophrenia, first-degree relatives and healthy controls, suggesting relatively diffuse involvement that evolves with illness duration. Unmedicated first-degree relatives share some of the same metabolic characteristics as patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, suggesting that these differences may reflect a genetic vulnerability and are not solely due to the effects of antipsychotic interventions.

1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Brambilla ◽  
Jeffrey A. Stanley ◽  
Mark A. Nicoletti ◽  
Roberto B. Sassi ◽  
Alan G. Mallinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Regional cerebral perfusion correlates with anxiety in neuropsychiatric SLE: evidence for a mechanism distinct from depression

Lupus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1678-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Papadaki ◽  
E Kavroulakis ◽  
G Bertsias ◽  
A Fanouriakis ◽  
D Karageorgou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Depression Symptomatology

The study examined the hypothesis that hypoperfusion in brain areas known to be involved in emotional disturbances in primary psychiatric disorders is also linked to emotional difficulties in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and that these are not secondary to the physical and social burden incurred by the disease. Nineteen SLE patients without overt neuropsychiatric manifestations (non-NPSLE), 31 NPSLE patients, and 23 healthy controls were examined. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI was used and cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume values were estimated in six manually selected regions of interest of brain regions suspected to play a role in anxiety and depression (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampi, caudate nuclei and putamen). NPSLE patients reported high rates of anxiety and depression symptomatology. Significantly reduced cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume values were detected in the NPSLE group compared to healthy controls in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, bilaterally. Within the NPSLE group, anxiety symptomatology was significantly associated with lower perfusion in frontostriatal regions and in the right anterior cingulate gyrus. Importantly, the latter associations appeared to be specific to anxiety symptoms, as they persisted after controlling for depression symptomatology and independent of the presence of visible lesions on conventional MRI. In conclusion, hypoperfusion in specific limbic and frontostriatal regions is associated with more severe anxiety symptoms in the context of widespread haemodynamic disturbances in NPSLE.

Leukocyte and brain DDR1 hypermethylation is altered in psychosis and is correlated with stress and inflammatory markers

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Garcia-Ruiz ◽  
Lorena Moreno ◽  
Gerard Muntané ◽  
Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau ◽  
Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blood Neutrophil ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Aim: To investigate DDR1 methylation in blood and brain DNA in psychosis and its relationship with stress markers. Materials & methods: Saliva cortisol, blood neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, leukocyte DNA and psychological variables were collected from 60 patients with nonaffective psychosis and 40 healthy controls (HC). Brain dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DNA from 35 patients with schizophrenia and 34 HC was studied. DDR1 methylation at 43 CpG sites was measured using the MassARRAY EpiTYPER platform. Results: We describe leukocyte DDR1 hypermethylation in patients with psychosis compared with HC; this hypermethylation is associated with psychological stress, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, and, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DDR1 methylation correlated with DDR1 isoform expression. Conclusion: We confirmed a relationship between stress and blood and brain DDR1 methylation in psychosis.

scholarly journals Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex GABA deficit in older adults with sleep-disordered breathing

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (38) ◽  
pp. 10250-10255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Pereira ◽  
Xiangling Mao ◽  
Caroline S. Jiang ◽  
Guoxin Kang ◽  
Sara Milrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a common disorder in aging that is associated with cognitive decline, including significant executive dysfunction, for which the neurobiological underpinnings remain poorly understood. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), this study assessed whether dysregulation of the homeostatic balance of the major inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter systems of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, respectively, play a role in SDB. Levels of GABA and those of the combined resonances of glutamate and glutamine (Glx), were measured by 1H MRS in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and bilateral hippocampal regions of 19 older adults (age ± SD: 66.1 ± 1.9 years) with moderate to severe SDB, defined as having an Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) greater than 15 as assessed by polysomnography, and in 14 older adults (age ± SD: 62.3 ± 1.3 years) without SDB (AHI < 5). In subjects with SDB, levels of l-DLPFC GABA, but not Glx, were significantly lower than in control subjects (P< 0.0002). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between l-DLPFC GABA levels, but not Glx, and SDB severity by AHI (r= -0.68,P< 0.0001), and a positive correlation between l-DLPFC GABA levels, but not Glx, and minimal oxygen saturation during sleep (r= 0.62,P= 0.0005). By contrast, no group differences or oxygenation associations were found for levels of GABA or Glx in right or left hippocampal region. These findings are interpreted in terms of a pathophysiological model of SDB in which hypoxia-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission deficit in DLPFC could lead to hyperexcitability and, potentially neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline.

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