Regeneration of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide with bipolar membrane electrodialysis from pure sodium chloride

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Mazrou ◽  
Hassan Kerdjoudj ◽  
Ahmed T. Che´rif ◽  
Azzedine Elmidaoui ◽  
Jean Mole´nat
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Bipolar Membrane ◽  
Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

scholarly journals Treating kraft mill extract using bipolar membrane electrodialysis for the production of acetic acid

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAVIKAT PATIL ◽  
JOSEPH GENCO ◽  
HEMANT PENDSE ◽  
ADRIAAN VAN HEININGEN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Sodium Acetate Solution ◽  
Bipolar Membrane ◽  
Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

The objective of this work was to determine the process conditions for converting sodium acetate, the major component of alkaline hardwood extract, into acetic acid and sodium hydroxide using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED). The effects of current density and sodium acetate concentration in the feed-salt solution were evaluated using synthetic sodium acetate solution in a feed and bleed mode. This mode of operation represents semibatch processing and was useful for determining the current efficiencies, energy consumption, and other system parameters for the production of about 160 g/L of acetic acid; maximum achievable concentration of acetic acid in electrodialysis; and 30 g/L of sodium hydroxide, which is the concentration sufficient for the extraction of sodium acetate from hardwood. The feed and bleed mode experiments performed at 60 mA/cm2 using 130 and 85 g/L sodium acetate as feed-salt solutions produced similar results, except for a small change in the amount of water transported into the acid and base compartments. The feed and bleed mode experiment performed at low current density of 40 mA/cm2 using 50 g/L sodium acetate as feed-salt solution produced almost similar quantities of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide as those in the other feed and bleed mode experiments. However, the energy consumption and current efficiencies were lower than those for the experiments performed at the current density of 60 mA/cm2.

Ternary mutual diffusion of isoniazid in aqueous sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid at T=298.15K

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C.F. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana C.G. Santos ◽  
Victor M.M. Lobo ◽  
Abilio J.F.N. Sobral ◽  
Ana M.T.D.P.V. Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mutual Diffusion ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

Waste Water from the Production of Titanium Products as a Raw Material for the Ti(OH)4, NaOH and HCl Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
N.A. Bykovsky ◽  
E.A. Kantor ◽  
M.A. Malkova ◽  
L.N. Puchkova ◽  
N.N. Fanakova
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Titanium Hydroxide ◽  
Pickling Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Precipitate ◽  
Neutralization Process

The study of the spent acidic pickling solution (SAPS) processing is presented. The solution is formed in the process of etching titanium products with hydrochloric acid. The processing includes the stages of neutralizing the SAPS with alkali, filtration and drying of the titanium hydroxide precipitate, electrochemical processing of the filtrate containing sodium chloride in an electrolyzer with ion-exchange membranes. The electrolysis process produces sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The proposed scheme for processing the SAPS makes it possible to obtain titanium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Titanium hydroxide can be used in various industries. Alkali can be used in the SAPS neutralization process. Hydrochloric acid after the adjustment is suitable for use in the etching of titanium products.

THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RATE OF NATURAL PENETRATION OF ELECTROLYTES INTO WOOD

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Different Shapes

The rates of diffusion of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid into chips of black spruce heartwood impregnated with water were measured for different shapes of chip at 20, 50, and 75 °C. In the longitudinal direction of the wood, hydrochloric acid diffuses the most rapidly and sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride at nearly the same rates. In the lateral direction sodium hydroxide diffuses the most rapidly, owing to its action on the wood. Concentration of electrolyte is practically without influence on the time to half-value for sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The density of the wood does not affect the rate of diffusion of sodium hydroxide.The rate of diffusion of water into air dry chips was measured at 20 and 50 °C.

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